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PANCE > hematology > Flashcards

hematology Flashcards

1
Q

CLL

A

most common
smudge cells
hallmark- isolated lymphocytosis, w/ a leukocytosis >20,000

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2
Q

CML

A

philidelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL)
hallmark- leukocytosis w/ median wbc of 150,000
tx- imatinib mesylate (gleevec)

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3
Q

AML

A

auer rods

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4
Q

ALL

A

most common in kids

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5
Q

multiple myeloma

A

rouleaux formation (rbc stack like coins)
bence jones proteins
malignancy of plasma cells prod abundance monoclonal paraprotein ( m protein)
pancytopenia
hypercalcemia
light chain components can lead to renal failure

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6
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

howell jolly bodies

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7
Q

G6PD

A

heinz bodies

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8
Q

lead poisoning

A

basophillic stippling
microcytic anemia
prussian blue staining of bone marrow shows sideroblasts
tx- chelation tharpy

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9
Q

Schistocyte (helmet)

A

TTP
DIC
heart valce

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10
Q

target cells

A

thalassemia

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11
Q

bite cells

A

g6pd

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12
Q

anisocytosis

A

cells w/ different size

iron deficiency

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13
Q

microcytic anemia

A 
TICS
thalasemia
iron deficiency
chronic disease
sideroblastic (lead poisoning)
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14
Q

normocytic

A 
hemolysis
renal failure
hypothyroid
liver disease
chronic disease
cancer
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15
Q

macrocytic

A

b12
folate
hemolysis

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16
Q

alpha thalasemia

A

defect in alpha production

more common in chinese

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17
Q

beta thalasemia

A

defect in beta chain prod

more common in mediteranian and african

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18
Q

thalasemia vs iron deficiency vs chronic disease

A

iron- low iron, high tibc, low ferritin
chronic disease- low iron, low tibc, high feritin
thalasemia= normal/high iron, normal tibc, normal ferritin, elevated LDH (more microcytic then others (60))

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19
Q

iron deficiency

A

most common cause of anemia
pica, dysphagia, brittle nails, cheilosis, smooth tongue
plumer vinson syndrome
tx ferrous sulvae 325 mg tid

20
Q

anemia of chronic disease

A

70% normocytic 30% microcytic

increse hepcidin levels which decrease iron absorbion from GI and decrease iron release from bone marrow

21
Q

folic acid antagonist

A

bactrim, methotrexate, phenytoin

22
Q

folic acid anemia

A

common in alcoholics
diets low in fruit and vegetables
can get howell jolly bodies (also in sickle cell)
ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE LEVLS with NORMAL METHYLMALONIC ACID (MMA) (how to differentiate from b12)
tx- folic acid 1mg/day

23
Q

B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia is most common cause (lack of intrinsic factor)
lack of meats
gastric surgery
pancreatic insufficiency
metformin use
crohns disease
neuroliogic findings- stocking glove paresthesias, losss of position, fine tough, and vibration, balance problems/ataxia
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Schilling test
BOTH MMA AND HOMOCYSTINE LEVLS ARE INCREASED
tx- b12 1000 monthly IM

24
Q

coombs test

A

test to see if autoimmune destruction of rbc
(direct coombs on rbc)
(indirect coombs in serum)

25
Q

fava beans

A

can precipitate g6pd

26
Q

polycythemia vera

A

JAK 2 mutation
increase in RBC
tx- phlebotomy
hydroxyurea (can also use this in sickle cell)

27
Q

tx of aml and all

A

induction and consolidation therapy

can get increase in urate so pt might need to be on allopurinol

28
Q

hodgkin disease

A

reed sterberg cells
EBV is important factor
painless lymhphadenopathy
can get pain in node after alcohol

29
Q

Non hodgkin

A

painless lymphadenopathy

most common extra nodal site is GI

30
Q

tx for vWD

A

DDAVP

31
Q

tx for hem A

A

factor 8

32
Q

ca 125

A

ovarian cancer

33
Q

ca 19-9

A

pancreatic cancer and colon cancer

34
Q

CEA

A

colon cancer

35
Q

zollinger ellison syndrome

A

gastrin level >150 diagnostic

36
Q

tx for Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

dantrolene

37
Q

diverticulitis test

A

CT scan WITH contrast

38
Q

most common cause of vaginal bleeding in reproductive age female

A

uterine fibroid

39
Q

jacksonian march

A

simple seizure

40
Q

what heart condition does lupus cause usually

A

pericarditis

41
Q

med tx for peripheral areterial disease

A

pentoxifylline

42
Q

tx for diptheria

A

erythromycin or penicillin

43
Q

prophylactic for mycobacterium avium complex

A
44
Q

prophylact for toxoplasmosis gondii

A
45
Q

apple core lesion

A

colon cancer

PANCE (14 decks)

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