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PANCE > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystitis Jiroveci

A

Bactrim

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2
Q

Rheumatic Fever Diagnosis

A

complication of group a beta hemolytic strep
immune rxn that happens 2-3 weeks after strep throat
Jones criteria (2 major or 1 major and 2 minor)
J-joints
o- heart
n- nodules (usually on extensor surface)
e- erythema marginatum
s- syndeham chorea

P- prolonged PR
e- esr elevation
a- arthralgia 
c- crp elevation
e- elevated temp
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3
Q

Botulism

A

toxin inhibits release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction
spore forming
4 types
1. infant- honey
2. wound
3. food borne- canned food
4. Botox- salivation, twitches, spasms
sxs 4 d’s- diplopia (double vision), dysarthria, droopy eyes, dilated pupils, dysphagia, dry mouth (paralytic disease so no mental status changes)
Respiratory paralysis is what will kill you
Tx- antitoxin

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4
Q

Cholera

A

toxin activates adenyl cyclase- causes hyper secretion of chloride and water resulting in hypovolemia
war times, overcrowding, famine overcrowding
sx- rice water diarrhea
tx- oral rehydration (severe dehydration), abx to shorten duration (bactrim, ampicillin)

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5
Q

Diphtheria

A

corn flake membrane (gray membrane that covers tonsils and pharynx)
pseudomembrane, pharyngitis
exotoxin causes neuropathy and myocarditis
tx- antitoxin, vaccine is key (Tdap)

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6
Q

Salmonella

A

Gastroenteritis-fever, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, Bactrim
Enteric Fever-(Typhoid fever)- viral sxs, Pea soup diarrhea, fever for a week that gets better over a week, rash in week 2- pink papular rash that blanches, paradoxical bradycardia (slow HR w/ fever), ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone
Bacteremia

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7
Q

Shigella

A

DYSENTERY, sudden onset diarrhea, tenesmus (feeling you need to constantly need to evacuate bowels)
TX Bactrim

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8
Q

Tetanus

A

produce neurotoxin which inhibit GABA (so get blockage of inhibitory and get a spasm for over excitatory discharge)
jaw or neck stiffness (lock jaw/trismus)
no MS changes
tx- vaccine and booster, Tetanus Immunoglobulin

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9
Q

Pertusis

A 
whooping cough
vaccination is NOT lifelong 
think about this in adult with cough for 2 weeks
3 phases 
1. catarrhal- virus like sxs, hacking cough, most infectious
2. Paroxysmal- whooping cough stage
3. Convalescent 
Tx- erythromycin. vaccinate
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10
Q

if women have recurrent yeast infection

A

think about HIV or Diabetes

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11
Q

cryptococcus

A 
pigeon poop
fungal infection
usually get in HIV when CD 4 counts drop
causes cryptococcus meningitis
India Ink stain- shows yeast balls
tx with oral fluconazole for 10 weeks
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12
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

in Ohio and Mississippi river valley

associated with splunking

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13
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

A

most common opportunistic infection in HIV
presents with SOB, non productive cough
cxr shows bat wing pattern (diffuse interstitial infiltrates)
Tx bactrim

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14
Q

Chlamydia

A

leading cause of infertility
causes lymphgranuloma venereum (lgv)- vesicular lesions or ulcers that spread to inguinal nodes. Once they get to the nodes they are called buboes

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15
Q

TB

A

Most common cause of hemoptysis world wide (bronchitis is most common in US)
when inhale you get primary TB. Your body mounts an immune response to prevent from getting active TB
latent TB sits in apex of lungs
sxs- cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis
diagnosis- acid fast bacilli
tx- RIPE- rifampin, INH, pryrazinamide, ethambutol. If positive PPD treat for 9 months
ethambutol- optic neuritis. loss of red green vision
INH- need pyridoxine. Injures Nerves and Hepatocytes
Rifampin turns body fluid orange

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16
Q

Ghon complex and Ranke complex

A

calcified primary focus
Ghon plus calcified hilar lymph nodes

these equal healed primary TB

17
Q

Treatment for hookwork/ helminths

A

mebendazole

18
Q

pinworms

A 
perianal pruritus (worse at night)
diagnose with scotch tape on 3 nights
tx- albendazole single dose and then again in 3 weeks
19
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

in hiv causes an encephalitis with focal brain lesions (most common cause of focal brain lesions in aids)
from cat poop
tx pyrimethamine

20
Q

Malaria

A

4 types 1. vivax 2. ovale 3. malariae 4. falciparum
falciparum is the worse. associated with cerebral malaria
transmitted by anopheles mosquito
lives in rbc
fever, chills, sweat, tired, gi sxs, headache
tx- chloroquine

21
Q

lyme disease

A 
borrelia burgdorferi
transmitted by ixodes tick
most common vector borne disease in US
3 stages 1. erythema migrans (bulls eye), 2. skin, cns (bells palsy), cardiac (heart block), arthralgias 3.late -chronic arthritis and synovitis 
dx antibodies
tx doxy
22
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A

ricketsia rickettsii
transmitted by wood tick
rash starts on extremities and then spreads to trunk (hailey mnemonic about living outside and have to come in for stuff)
tx doxy

23
Q

Syphillis

A

treponema pallidum
primary syphillis- chancre- painless genital ulcer (raised rolled edge)
tertiary syphillis- Gummatous lesions, Neurosyphillis- tabes dorsalis (demylination of dorsal columns- hard to balance and loss of proprioception and vibratory).
Argyll- robertson pupil- accommodate but does not react (constricts when bring fingers in but does not constrict when shine light)
dx- vdrl or rpr (can get false positive so confirm with FTA- ABS)
tx- pcn 2.4 million units 1 time. if late dose need this once a week for 3 weeks
can get jarisch-herxheimer rxn- due to massive destruction of spirochetes- fever and toxic

24
Q

where does the herpes viral lay dormant

A

dorsal root ganglion

25
Q

Herpes virus

A

Herpes 1- mouth
Herpes 2- genitals
painful lesions
recommend c section if mom has active lesions

26
Q

Herpes virus 3

A

Varicella-zoster
varicella- come up in crops (lesions at different stages). dew drop on a rose petal
can get trigeminal nerve zoster that involves eye (herpes opthalmacus)- hutchinson sign

27
Q

Hutchinson sign

A

herpes lesion on nose.

worry about eye involvement

28
Q

Ebstein bar virus

A

mononucleosis
Herpes virus 4
associated with burkitts lymphoma
triad- pharyngitis, fever, posterior lymphadenopathy

29
Q

Antibodies with Mono

A

Heterophil antibodies

Can give false positive syphillis test (rpr and vdrl)

30
Q

CMV

A

Herpes virus 5
problem with congenital and post transplant
can get Pizza pie lesion- Retinitis in Aids patients

31
Q

Roseola

A

really high fever and then fever goes away and then gets a rash.
Rash starts on trunk and spreads (rash after fever)
common cause of febrile seizures

32
Q

Rubella

A

German measles
starts on face and then spreads down
bad in pregnant women (congenital rubella- microcephaly, PDA, cataracts)

33
Q

Rubeola

A

Measles
Koplik spots
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
rash starts on face and spreads (as it fades it can stain skin brown)

34
Q

Fifth’s disease

A

slapped cheek disease

parvovirus b 19

35
Q

Tx for rabies

A

if bitten 1/2 of immunoglobulin in wound and half at other site.
then rabies vaccine

36
Q

Human papilloma virus

A

HPV 16, 18,31,33 - cervical cancer

HPV 11 and 6 cause warts

37
Q

tx of choice for shigella

A

ciprofloxacin

38
Q

tx of choice for campylobacter jejuni

A

erythromycin

PANCE (14 decks)

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