Ortho

Question 1

Most common salter harris

Answer 1

type 2

Question 2

worse salter harris

Answer 2

type 5 (as number goes up the potential for growth problems goes up)

Question 3

child abuse fractures

Answer 3

long bone fractures
spiral fractures (except tibia)
posterior ribs
bucket handle fractures
corner fracture
lateral parietal skull fracture

Question 4

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 4

blue sclera

Question 5

posterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 5

seizure, lightning, elecrocuted

lightbulb sign

Question 6

nerve need to be checked out

Answer 6

shoulder dislocation- axilary

humerus fracture -radial (wrist drop)

Question 7

most common arm fracture in kids and adults

Answer 7

kids- supracondylar humeral fracture (FOOSH)

adults- distal radial

Question 8

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 8

bamboo spine
sacro ilitis at start
mornign stiffness that gets better as move
can get iritis 
hla b27

Question 9

cauda equina

Answer 9

most common cause is herniated central disc (central cause bilateral)
incontince, saddle parathesias, sexual dysfucntion
post void residual- one way to check

Question 10

ankle reflexes

Answer 10

achilles s1 (tibial)
bicep- c5 (musculocutaneous)
brachioradialis c6 (radial)
tricep c7 (radial)
patellar L4 (femoral)
dorsiflection L5 (tibial)

Question 11

spinal stenosis

Answer 11

lumbar most common

cervical more serious

Question 12

jefferson fracture

Answer 12

fracture of c1

Question 13

menumonic for unstable fracture

Answer 13

jefferson
bit (bifacet dislocatoin)
a (any fracture w/ dislocation)
hangmans (c2 fracture)
tit (teardrop fracture)

Question 14

central cord syndrome

Answer 14

upper extremity weakness > then lower extremity

elderly women w/ fall and ligamentum flavum pinches cord

Question 15

anterior cord

Answer 15

pain and temp out

still have vibration and proprioception

Question 16

posterior cord

Answer 16

syphillis
b12 vitamin deficiency
propioception and vibration out

Question 17

brown sequard

Answer 17

penetrating trauma usually
ipsilateral paralysis
contralateral sensory

Question 18

scfe tx

Answer 18

x ray- melted ice cone

pinn it

Question 19

legg calve perthes disease

Answer 19

due to avascular necrosis
4-8 yrs old
moth eaten joint on x ray
tx- abduction brace and nsaids

Question 20

tx for hip dysplasia

Answer 20

Pavlik brace (abduction brace)

Question 21

most common fracture

Answer 21

trachanteric fracture

Question 22

patella tendon rupture

Answer 22

can’t do straight leg raise

can be due to fluoroquinolone or steroids

Question 23

deep peroneal nerve

Answer 23

L5 webspace

extension of toe

Question 24

ottawa ankle rules

Answer 24

tenderness at lateral or medial maleolus, navicular, base of 5th metatarsal
unable to bear weight on field or in er (4 steps)

Question 25

snowboarders fracture

Answer 25

fracture of talus

Question 26

maisoneuve fracture

Answer 26

proximal fibula fracture w/ tearing deltoid ligament on medial side or fracture of medial malleolus tx- orif

Question 27

lisfranc fracture

Answer 27

fracture of 2nd metatarsal important fracture. stability of arches surgery

Question 28

achilles tendon rupure

Answer 28

partial- check with US | if partial splint in equinas position (plantar flexion)

Question 29

tx for osteomyelitis

Answer 29

6 weeks iv abx. 1-2 wk oral abx

Question 30

dog and cat bite

Answer 30

pasturella multocida | rapid evolving w/ likely lymphagitis streak

Question 31

human bite

Answer 31

eikenella carodens

Question 32

reptile bites

Answer 32

salmonella

Question 33

cat scratch fever

Answer 33

``` bartonella henselae get buboe (lymph node enlargement) ```

Question 34

multiple myeloma

Answer 34

``` most common bone primary bence jones protein hypercalcemia lytic lesions plasma cells M protein (monoclonal spike0 ```

Question 35

ewing sarcoma

Answer 35

young ppl 5-25 years onion skinning

Question 36

osteosarcoma

Answer 36

distal femur proximal tibia sunburst pattern

Question 37

chrondrosarcoma

Answer 37

>60 years

Question 38

lytic lesions

Answer 38

``` prostate breast kidney thyroid lung skin PB KTLS ```

Question 39

most common place for RA

Answer 39

hand

Question 40

most common place for OA

Answer 40

knee

Question 41

mallet finger

Answer 41

opposite of jersey finger | splint finger in hyperextension

Question 42

tuft fracture

Answer 42

fracture at distal phylange (hit finger with hammer)

Question 43

bull riding thumb

Answer 43

radial collaeral ligament at base of thumb

Question 44

game keeper thumb

Answer 44

ulnar collateral ligament

Question 45

kanaval sign for flexor tenosynovitis

Answer 45

1. Fusiform soft tissue swelling (sheath stops between DIP and PIP) 2. held in flexion 3. pain on passive extension 4. pain when push proximal to sheath

Question 46

compartment syndrome

Answer 46

1st symptoms pain last pulselessness tib fib most common in adults