Ortho Flashcards
Most common salter harris
type 2
worse salter harris
type 5 (as number goes up the potential for growth problems goes up)
child abuse fractures
long bone fractures spiral fractures (except tibia) posterior ribs bucket handle fractures corner fracture lateral parietal skull fracture
osteogenesis imperfecta
blue sclera
posterior shoulder dislocation
seizure, lightning, elecrocuted
lightbulb sign
nerve need to be checked out
shoulder dislocation- axilary
humerus fracture -radial (wrist drop)
most common arm fracture in kids and adults
kids- supracondylar humeral fracture (FOOSH)
adults- distal radial
ankylosing spondylitis
bamboo spine sacro ilitis at start mornign stiffness that gets better as move can get iritis hla b27
cauda equina
most common cause is herniated central disc (central cause bilateral)
incontince, saddle parathesias, sexual dysfucntion
post void residual- one way to check
ankle reflexes
achilles s1 (tibial) bicep- c5 (musculocutaneous) brachioradialis c6 (radial) tricep c7 (radial) patellar L4 (femoral) dorsiflection L5 (tibial)
spinal stenosis
lumbar most common
cervical more serious
jefferson fracture
fracture of c1
menumonic for unstable fracture
jefferson bit (bifacet dislocatoin) a (any fracture w/ dislocation) hangmans (c2 fracture) tit (teardrop fracture)
central cord syndrome
upper extremity weakness > then lower extremity
elderly women w/ fall and ligamentum flavum pinches cord
anterior cord
pain and temp out
still have vibration and proprioception
posterior cord
syphillis
b12 vitamin deficiency
propioception and vibration out
brown sequard
penetrating trauma usually
ipsilateral paralysis
contralateral sensory
scfe tx
x ray- melted ice cone
pinn it
legg calve perthes disease
due to avascular necrosis
4-8 yrs old
moth eaten joint on x ray
tx- abduction brace and nsaids
tx for hip dysplasia
Pavlik brace (abduction brace)
most common fracture
trachanteric fracture
patella tendon rupture
can’t do straight leg raise
can be due to fluoroquinolone or steroids
deep peroneal nerve
L5 webspace
extension of toe
ottawa ankle rules
tenderness at lateral or medial maleolus, navicular, base of 5th metatarsal
unable to bear weight on field or in er (4 steps)
snowboarders fracture
fracture of talus
maisoneuve fracture
proximal fibula fracture w/ tearing deltoid ligament on medial side or fracture of medial malleolus
tx- orif
lisfranc fracture
fracture of 2nd metatarsal
important fracture. stability of arches
surgery
achilles tendon rupure
partial- check with US
if partial splint in equinas position (plantar flexion)
tx for osteomyelitis
6 weeks iv abx. 1-2 wk oral abx
dog and cat bite
pasturella multocida
rapid evolving w/ likely lymphagitis streak
human bite
eikenella carodens
reptile bites
salmonella
cat scratch fever
bartonella henselae get buboe (lymph node enlargement)
multiple myeloma
most common bone primary bence jones protein hypercalcemia lytic lesions plasma cells M protein (monoclonal spike0
ewing sarcoma
young ppl
5-25 years
onion skinning
osteosarcoma
distal femur
proximal tibia
sunburst pattern
chrondrosarcoma
> 60 years
lytic lesions
prostate breast kidney thyroid lung skin PB KTLS
most common place for RA
hand
most common place for OA
knee
mallet finger
opposite of jersey finger
splint finger in hyperextension
tuft fracture
fracture at distal phylange (hit finger with hammer)
bull riding thumb
radial collaeral ligament at base of thumb
game keeper thumb
ulnar collateral ligament
kanaval sign for flexor tenosynovitis
- Fusiform soft tissue swelling (sheath stops between DIP and PIP)
- held in flexion
- pain on passive extension
- pain when push proximal to sheath
compartment syndrome
1st symptoms pain
last pulselessness
tib fib most common in adults
