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First Aid Hem/Onc > Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antineoplastic folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

Methotrexate

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2
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthetase

A

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

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3
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase

A

Cytarabine

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4
Q

Serious side effect associated with cytarabine

A

Pancytopenia

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5
Q

Three antineoplastic purine analogs that inhibit purine synthesis

A

Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine

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6
Q

Drug used concurrently with antineoplastics to reduce renal precipitation of urates

A

Allopurinol

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7
Q

Two antineoplastics that require dose-reduction in patients who are taking allopurinol

A

Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine

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8
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is bone marrow suppression

A

Vinblastine

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9
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis, paralytic ileus)

A

Vincristine

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10
Q

Hyperstabilizes microtubule polymer in M-phase and prevents microtubule breakdown

A

Paclitaxel, -taxels

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11
Q

Two prodrugs, that after liver bioactivation, bind to N7 nitrogen of guanine and cross-link DNA

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

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12
Q

Serious side effect of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide due to generation of acrolein

A

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

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13
Q

Agent that is used to bind acrolein and prevent drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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14
Q

Nitrosureas that spontaneously form active intermediates that cross-link DNA; can cross blood-brain-barrier and is indicated for brain tumors

A

Carmustine, -mustines, streptozocin

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15
Q

Akylating agent that has greater activity against myeloid cells than lymphoid cells; serious side effects include myelosuppression and pulmonary fibrosis

A

Busulfan

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16
Q

Two anthracyclines that chelate DNA, form free radicals, and cause dose-limiting cardiotoxicity

A

Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin

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17
Q

Iron-chelator that is used to protect against anthracycline-induced cardio-toxicity

A

Dexrazoxane

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18
Q

DNA intercalating agent useful for treatment of solid tumors in children

A

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

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19
Q

DNA intercalating agent with minimal myelosuppression that induces formation of free radicals; dose-limiting side effects include pulmonary fibrosis and mucocutaneous reactions

A

Bleomycin

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20
Q

Antineoplastic with G2 phase cell cycle selectivity

A

Bleomycin

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21
Q

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with S phase cell cycle selectivity that is used for management of sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea

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22
Q

Platinum-derivatives that form DNA intrastrand cross-links; causes dose-limiting nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

A

Cisplatin, carboplatin

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23
Q

Two antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase I

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

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24
Q

Two antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase II

A

Etoposide, teniposide

25
Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase expressed by the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia toxicity is Fluid retention
Imatinib (Gleevec)
26
Inhibits BRAF kinase in melanomas with BRAF V600E mutation; Treats metastatic melanoma
Vemurafenib
27
Chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen found on non-Hodgkin lymphomas and normal B lymphocytes
Rituximab
28
Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), used for solid tumor like colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma
Bevacizumab
29
Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptor; useful for breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2
Trastuzumab
30
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that can be used to inhibit leutinizing hormone secretion and testosterone production in men with advanced prostate cancer
Leuprolide
31
Two most commonly used glucocorticoids for cancer due to their lymphotoxic effects; may cause Cushing-like symptoms
Prednison, Prednisolone
32
Increase activity of cytoxic cells and indicated for hairy cell leukemia
Interferon alpha-2b
33
Agent used for hypochromic microcytic anemias
Ferrous sulfate
34
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does not reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Folic acid
35
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia with neurological deficits
Vitamin B12
36
Agent used for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
37
Agent used for anemias (especially with renal failure)
erythropoietin
38
Agent used for neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation
Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimualting factor) and sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
39
Inhibits the S-stage of cell cycle (DNA synthesis)
Etoposide and Antimetabolites
40
Inhibits G2-stage of cell cycle (syn of components needed for mitosis)
Bleomycin and Etoposide
41
Inhibits M-stage of cell cycle
Vinca Alkaloids and Taxols
42
To reverse Methotrexate myelosuppression
Leucovorin (folinic aicd)
43
Non-neoplastic use of methotrexate
abortion, ectopic pregnancy, RA, psoriasis, IBD
44
Mucositis
S/E of methotrexate
45
Tx of OD of 5-FU
Uridine
46
Used to tx colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell carcinoma (topical)
5-FU
47
Used to prevent organ rejection, RA, SLE
Azathrioprine
48
Activated by HGPRT
Azathioprine, 6-MP, 6-thioguanine
49
Used for Wilms Tumor, Ewing Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma (childhood tumors)
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
50
Used to ablate patient's BM before BM transplant
Busulfate
51
Used to prevent nephrotoxicity with Cisplatin or Carboplatin
Amifostine
52
Toxicity may cause Cushing-like symptoms; weight gain, central obesity, muscle breakdown, cataracts, acne, osetoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
Prednisone and Prednisolone
53
Selective estrogen receptor modulators, receptor antagonists in breast and agonists in bone
Tamoxifen, Raloxifene
54
useful to prevent osteoporosis
Raloxifene
55
Partial agonist in endometrium which increases the risk of endometrial cancer; hot flashes
Tamoxifen
56
Endometrial Antagonist but still fights breast cancer
Raloxifene
57
drugs that cause cardiotoxicity
Doxorubicin and trastuzumab
58
Nephrotoxic and acoustic nerve damage
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
59
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First Aid Hem/Onc (8 decks)

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