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First Aid Hem/Onc > Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antineoplastic folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

Methotrexate

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2
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthetase

A

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

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3
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase

A

Cytarabine

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4
Q

Serious side effect associated with cytarabine

A

Pancytopenia

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5
Q

Three antineoplastic purine analogs that inhibit purine synthesis

A

Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine

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6
Q

Drug used concurrently with antineoplastics to reduce renal precipitation of urates

A

Allopurinol

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7
Q

Two antineoplastics that require dose-reduction in patients who are taking allopurinol

A

Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine

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8
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is bone marrow suppression

A

Vinblastine

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9
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis, paralytic ileus)

A

Vincristine

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10
Q

Hyperstabilizes microtubule polymer in M-phase and prevents microtubule breakdown

A

Paclitaxel, -taxels

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11
Q

Two prodrugs, that after liver bioactivation, bind to N7 nitrogen of guanine and cross-link DNA

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

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12
Q

Serious side effect of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide due to generation of acrolein

A

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

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13
Q

Agent that is used to bind acrolein and prevent drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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14
Q

Nitrosureas that spontaneously form active intermediates that cross-link DNA; can cross blood-brain-barrier and is indicated for brain tumors

A

Carmustine, -mustines, streptozocin

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15
Q

Akylating agent that has greater activity against myeloid cells than lymphoid cells; serious side effects include myelosuppression and pulmonary fibrosis

A

Busulfan

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16
Q

Two anthracyclines that chelate DNA, form free radicals, and cause dose-limiting cardiotoxicity

A

Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin

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17
Q

Iron-chelator that is used to protect against anthracycline-induced cardio-toxicity

A

Dexrazoxane

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18
Q

DNA intercalating agent useful for treatment of solid tumors in children

A

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

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19
Q

DNA intercalating agent with minimal myelosuppression that induces formation of free radicals; dose-limiting side effects include pulmonary fibrosis and mucocutaneous reactions

A

Bleomycin

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20
Q

Antineoplastic with G2 phase cell cycle selectivity

A

Bleomycin

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21
Q

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with S phase cell cycle selectivity that is used for management of sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea

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22
Q

Platinum-derivatives that form DNA intrastrand cross-links; causes dose-limiting nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

A

Cisplatin, carboplatin

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23
Q

Two antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase I

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

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24
Q

Two antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase II

A

Etoposide, teniposide

25
Q

Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase expressed by the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia
toxicity is Fluid retention

A

Imatinib (Gleevec)

26
Q

Inhibits BRAF kinase in melanomas with BRAF V600E mutation; Treats metastatic melanoma

A

Vemurafenib

27
Q

Chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen found on non-Hodgkin lymphomas and normal B lymphocytes

A

Rituximab

28
Q

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), used for solid tumor like colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma

A

Bevacizumab

29
Q

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptor; useful for breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2

A

Trastuzumab

30
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that can be used to inhibit leutinizing hormone secretion and testosterone production in men with advanced prostate cancer

A

Leuprolide

31
Q

Two most commonly used glucocorticoids for cancer due to their lymphotoxic effects; may cause Cushing-like symptoms

A

Prednison, Prednisolone

32
Q

Increase activity of cytoxic cells and indicated for hairy cell leukemia

A

Interferon alpha-2b

33
Q

Agent used for hypochromic microcytic anemias

A

Ferrous sulfate

34
Q

Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does not reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy

A

Folic acid

35
Q

Agent used for megaloblastic anemia with neurological deficits

A

Vitamin B12

36
Q

Agent used for pernicious anemia

A

Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)

37
Q

Agent used for anemias (especially with renal failure)

A

erythropoietin

38
Q

Agent used for neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation

A

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimualting factor) and sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

39
Q

Inhibits the S-stage of cell cycle (DNA synthesis)

A

Etoposide and Antimetabolites

40
Q

Inhibits G2-stage of cell cycle (syn of components needed for mitosis)

A

Bleomycin and Etoposide

41
Q

Inhibits M-stage of cell cycle

A

Vinca Alkaloids and Taxols

42
Q

To reverse Methotrexate myelosuppression

A

Leucovorin (folinic aicd)

43
Q

Non-neoplastic use of methotrexate

A

abortion, ectopic pregnancy, RA, psoriasis, IBD

44
Q

Mucositis

A

S/E of methotrexate

45
Q

Tx of OD of 5-FU

A

Uridine

46
Q

Used to tx colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell carcinoma (topical)

A

5-FU

47
Q

Used to prevent organ rejection, RA, SLE

A

Azathrioprine

48
Q

Activated by HGPRT

A

Azathioprine, 6-MP, 6-thioguanine

49
Q

Used for Wilms Tumor, Ewing Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma (childhood tumors)

A

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

50
Q

Used to ablate patient’s BM before BM transplant

A

Busulfate

51
Q

Used to prevent nephrotoxicity with Cisplatin or Carboplatin

A

Amifostine

52
Q

Toxicity may cause Cushing-like symptoms; weight gain, central obesity, muscle breakdown, cataracts, acne, osetoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis

A

Prednisone and Prednisolone

53
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulators, receptor antagonists in breast and agonists in bone

A

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene

54
Q

useful to prevent osteoporosis

A

Raloxifene

55
Q

Partial agonist in endometrium which increases the risk of endometrial cancer; hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen

56
Q

Endometrial Antagonist but still fights breast cancer

A

Raloxifene

57
Q

drugs that cause cardiotoxicity

A

Doxorubicin and trastuzumab

58
Q

Nephrotoxic and acoustic nerve damage

A

Cisplatin/Carboplatin

59
Q

Come on Barbie

A

Let’s go Party

First Aid Hem/Onc (8 decks)

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