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First Aid Hem/Onc > Pathology 2 > Flashcards

Pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased Haptoglobin, Increased LDH, schistocytes and increased reticulocytes, and Urobilinogen in urine

A

Intravascular Hemolysis

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2
Q

Spherocytes in peripheral smear, increased LDH and UCB causing jaundice

A

Extravascular Hemolysis

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3
Q

Anemia of Chronic Dx

A

Increase in hepcidin and inhibits iron transport, decreases release of iron from macrophages

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4
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

caused by failure or destruction of myeloid stem cells due to radiation, drugs, viruses (B19, EBV, HIV, HCV), Fanconi anemia, idiopathic

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5
Q

Defect in ankyrin, band 3, protein4.2, spectrin

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

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6
Q

Osmotic Fragility Test

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

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7
Q

Sulfa drugs, antimalarials, infections, fava beans

A

Acute hemolytic anemia from G6PD deficiency

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8
Q

back pain, hemoglobinuria a few days after oxidant stress

A

G6PD deficiency

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9
Q

G6PD deficiency Resistance to

A

P. falciparum

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10
Q

Hemolytic anemia in a newborn masked by 2,3 BPG

A

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

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11
Q

Glutamic Acid to Lysine Mutation at residue 6 in beta-globin

A

HbC defect

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12
Q

Impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor that protects RBC membrane from complement

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

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13
Q

Coomb negative hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, and venous thrombosis, CD55/59 negative RBCs on flow cytometry

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

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14
Q

Tx for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

A

Eculizumab

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15
Q

Salmonella osteomyelitis

A

Sickle cell anemia

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16
Q

Dactylitis

A

Painful vaso-occlusive crisis in bones associated with sickle cell disease

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17
Q

Renal Papillary Necrosis

A

due to low oxygen in papilla; also seen in heterozygotes and microhematuria (medullary infarcts)

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18
Q

Tx of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Hydroxyurea to increase fetal hemoglobin

BM transplant

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19
Q

Warm Agglutinin

A

IgG, Coombs (+), chronic anemia seen in SLE, CLL or with alpha-methyldopa

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20
Q

Cold Agglutinin

A

IgM, acute anemia triggered by cold; seem om CLL, Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis

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21
Q

Direct Coombs

A

anti-Ig antibody added to patient’s blood. RBCs agglutinate if RBCs are coated with Ig

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22
Q

Indirect Coombs

A

normal RBCs added to patient’s serum. If serum has anti-RBC surface Ig, RBCs agglutinate when anti-Ig antibodies added

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23
Q

ADAMTS13 deficient

A

TTP

24
Q

Causes of Eosinopenia

A

Cushing Syndrome, corticosteroids

25
Q

Enzyme affected in Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A

Porphobilinogen deaminase

26
Q

Painful abdomen, Port wine colored urine, Polyneuropathy, Psychological disturbances, Precipitated by drugs, alcohol and starvation

A

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

27
Q

Deficient in Porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

28
Q

Blistering cutaneous photosensitivity

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

29
Q

Tx for Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A

Glucose and Heme, they inhibit ALA synthase

30
Q

Enzyme deficient in lead poisoning

A

delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase

31
Q

Defect in Factors I, II, V, VII, and X

A

increases PT

32
Q

Tx for Hemophilia A

A

Recombinant Factor VIII

33
Q

Warfarin on PT and PTT

A

both increase

34
Q

Defect in platelet-to-platelet aggregation

A

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

35
Q

Decreased GpIIb/IIIa

A

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

36
Q

Defect in platelet to vWF adhesion

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

37
Q

anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies, may be triggered by viral illness

A

Immune Thrombocytopenia

38
Q

vWF metalloprotease

A

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

39
Q

Neurologic and renal symptoms, fever, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

40
Q

Tx of TTP

A

transfusion and steroids

41
Q

Diseases with decreased Plt Count and increased Bleeding time

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, Immune Thrombocytopenia, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura

42
Q

igG + Heparin + Platelet Factor 4

A

HIT

43
Q

Tx of HIT

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

44
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu

A

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

45
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

A

Female of reproductive years, plts opsonized by anti-plt Ig

46
Q

Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal Failure

A

HUS

47
Q

Tx of von Willebrand Dx

A

DDAVP which releases vWF stored in endothelium

48
Q

Widespread activation of clotting leads to a deficiency in clotting factors, which creates a bleeding state

A

DIC

49
Q

Best screening test for DIC

A

D-dimers

50
Q

Decreased ability to inactivate factors V and VIII

A

Protein C or S deficiency

51
Q

Most common hypercoagulability in whites

A

Factor V Leiden

52
Q

Virchows Triad

A

Disrupt blood flow, endothelial cell damage, hypercoaguable state

53
Q

Packed RBCs

A

increases Hb and oxygen carrying capacity

Used in acute blood loss and severe anemia

54
Q

Platelet Transfusion

A

to increase plt count what <5000, used to stop significant bleeding

55
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma

A

Increases coagulation factor levels

used in DIC, cirrhosis, warfarin overdose, exchange transfusion in TTP/HUS

56
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

Contains fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII, vWF and fibronectin
To treat coagulation factor deficiencies involving fibrinogen and factor VIII

57
Q

Open

A

Meow

First Aid Hem/Onc (8 decks)

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