Pharmacology

Question 1

methylxanthies MOA

Answer 1

inhibition of A1 receptors and PDE enzymes which cause increase in c AMP

Question 2

positive inotropic effect and chronotropic effect are seen in what stimulant

Answer 2

methylxanthines

Question 3

lethal dose for methylxanthine and its effects in general

Answer 3

10 grams (cardiac arrythmia)

tolerance is rapid and withdrawal is seen

Question 4

idications for caffeine intake clinically

Answer 4

headache with acetaminophen
apnea of prematurity

Question 5

Nicotine MOA and dependences

Answer 5

Nm and Nn receptors ( low dose > stimulation and high dose > desensitization )

physical and psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms

Question 6

high doses of nicotine causes

Answer 6

loss of appetite in low doses
central RS paralysis and severe hypotention in high doses

Question 7

smoking cessation programs

Answer 7

varenicline :as a partial agonist for Nn receptor for 12 weeks

buproprion : inhibiting dopamine and NE reuptake

Question 8

cocaine dependences and MOA

Answer 8

dopamine NE and serotonin reuptake

high tolerence , dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

Question 9

theraputic uses of cocaine and how

Answer 9

local anesthetics for ENT , nose and eyes
by working on A1 receptors > vasoconstriction

Question 10

peripheral action of cocaine

Answer 10

increase in HR,BP temp
dilate pubils and light sensitivity

Question 11

amophetamines MOA and antidote

Answer 11

release on NE dopamine and seerotonin

haloperidol

Question 12

therapeutic uses of amphitamines

Answer 12

ADHD : methylphenidate
narcolepsy: modafinil
obesity but not used

Question 13

fenthyline (ceptadon) is

Answer 13

amphetamine and theophylline

Question 14

LSD MOA

Answer 14

partial agonist of 5HT

most powerful hallicinogen

Question 15

actions of LSD on CNS

Answer 15

increase color perception and body image changes impaired depth, and time

sympathomemmitic

Question 16

MDMA (ectasy or molly) MOA and it causes:

Answer 16

5 HT reuptake

bruxism and trismus and serotonin syn.

Question 17

cannabinoids MOA

Answer 17

are same as detla 9 tetrahydrocannabinol

CB1 + CB2 activation

Question 18

uncontrolable laughing and appetite are seen in

Answer 18

cannabenoids

Question 19

anandamide is a:

nabilone , nabiximol, dronabinol are all:

Answer 19

endogenous cannabinoids
synthetic cannabinoids

Question 20

used in cancer patients as antiemitic and increase appetite

Answer 20

synthetic cannacinoids
(nabi)

Question 21

All cholinergic agonists are contraindicated in patients with_______

Answer 21

asthma

Question 22

edrophonium over dose causes

Answer 22

cholinergic crisis

Question 23

management of myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

diagnosis: edrophonium
acute management: iv neostigmine
chronic management : oral ambenonium and pyridostigmine

Question 24

________ are used to delay the progression of alzehimers

Answer 24

indirect acting reversable cholinergic agonists like
donepezil and rivastigmine

Question 25

atropine effect on the heart:

Answer 25

low doses causes bradycardia (inhibits m1) high doses increase HR

Question 26

used as a transdemral behind the ear and its side effects

Answer 26

scoplamine addiction and euphoria

Question 27

procaine and tetracaine are both: metabolized in :

Answer 27

ester type LA plasma

Question 28

lidocaine, articaine, prilocaine are all: metabolized by

Answer 28

liver, plasma,kidney

Question 29

lidocaine is the DOC _____ and used for______

Answer 29

LA and cardiac arrythmias

Question 30

procaine, chloro_procaine_ are:

Answer 30

short duration LA

Question 31

Teteracaine (spinal), bulvicaine, roplvacaine

Answer 31

long duration LA

Question 32

Lidocaine and meplvacaine are

Answer 32

intermediate duration LA

Question 33

duration of action for a LA depends on:

Answer 33

1- dose 2- application technique (nerve blockers have longer durations) 3- using a vasoconstrictor ( epi + sodium bisulphate)

Question 34

carditoxicity is caused by ____ injection in IV

Answer 34

bupivacaine

Question 35

hypersesitivity reaction when using the LA is more seen in:

Answer 35

ester type LA, preservative and bisulphate antioxidant

Question 36

vasoconstictors are not used with LA of:

Answer 36

BP >180\110 CVS diseases uncontrolled hypertyroidism

Question 37

lidocaine and prilocaine is nou used in ______ semester

Answer 37

first

Question 38

mepivicaine, artcaine and bupivicaine are not used in ______ semester

Answer 38

all semesters

Question 39

LA thats not used in breastfeeding

Answer 39

bupivicaine

Question 40

phentolamine mesylate is used

Answer 40

as LA for soft tissue (submucosal injection) non selective a1 antagonist