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PNS > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

methylxanthies MOA

A

inhibition of A1 receptors and PDE enzymes which cause increase in c AMP

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2
Q

positive inotropic effect and chronotropic effect are seen in what stimulant

A

methylxanthines

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3
Q

lethal dose for methylxanthine and its effects in general

A

10 grams (cardiac arrythmia)

tolerance is rapid and withdrawal is seen

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4
Q

idications for caffeine intake clinically

A

headache with acetaminophen
apnea of prematurity

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5
Q

Nicotine MOA and dependences

A

Nm and Nn receptors ( low dose > stimulation and high dose > desensitization )

physical and psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms

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6
Q

high doses of nicotine causes

A

loss of appetite in low doses
central RS paralysis and severe hypotention in high doses

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7
Q

smoking cessation programs

A

varenicline :as a partial agonist for Nn receptor for 12 weeks

buproprion : inhibiting dopamine and NE reuptake

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8
Q

cocaine dependences and MOA

A

dopamine NE and serotonin reuptake

high tolerence , dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

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9
Q

theraputic uses of cocaine and how

A

local anesthetics for ENT , nose and eyes
by working on A1 receptors > vasoconstriction

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10
Q

peripheral action of cocaine

A

increase in HR,BP temp
dilate pubils and light sensitivity

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11
Q

amophetamines MOA and antidote

A

release on NE dopamine and seerotonin

haloperidol

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12
Q

therapeutic uses of amphitamines

A

ADHD : methylphenidate
narcolepsy: modafinil
obesity but not used

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13
Q

fenthyline (ceptadon) is

A

amphetamine and theophylline

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14
Q

LSD MOA

A

partial agonist of 5HT

most powerful hallicinogen

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15
Q

actions of LSD on CNS

A

increase color perception and body image changes impaired depth, and time

sympathomemmitic

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16
Q

MDMA (ectasy or molly) MOA and it causes:

A

5 HT reuptake

bruxism and trismus and serotonin syn.

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17
Q

cannabinoids MOA

A

are same as detla 9 tetrahydrocannabinol

CB1 + CB2 activation

18
Q

uncontrolable laughing and appetite are seen in

A

cannabenoids

19
Q

anandamide is a:

nabilone , nabiximol, dronabinol are all:

A

endogenous cannabinoids
synthetic cannabinoids

20
Q

used in cancer patients as antiemitic and increase appetite

A

synthetic cannacinoids
(nabi)

21
Q

All cholinergic agonists are contraindicated in patients with_______

A

asthma

22
Q

edrophonium over dose causes

A

cholinergic crisis

23
Q

management of myasthenia gravis

A

diagnosis: edrophonium
acute management: iv neostigmine
chronic management : oral ambenonium and pyridostigmine

24
Q

________ are used to delay the progression of alzehimers

A

indirect acting reversable cholinergic agonists like
donepezil and rivastigmine

25
Q

atropine effect on the heart:

A

low doses causes bradycardia (inhibits m1)
high doses increase HR

26
Q

used as a transdemral behind the ear and its side effects

A

scoplamine
addiction and euphoria

27
Q

procaine and tetracaine are both:
metabolized in :

A

ester type LA
plasma

28
Q

lidocaine, articaine, prilocaine are all:
metabolized by

A

liver, plasma,kidney

29
Q

lidocaine is the DOC _____ and used for______

A

LA and cardiac arrythmias

30
Q

procaine, chloro_procaine_ are:

A

short duration LA

31
Q

Teteracaine (spinal), bulvicaine, roplvacaine

A

long duration LA

32
Q

Lidocaine and meplvacaine are

A

intermediate duration LA

33
Q

duration of action for a LA depends on:

A

1- dose
2- application technique (nerve blockers have longer durations)
3- using a vasoconstrictor ( epi + sodium bisulphate)

34
Q

carditoxicity is caused by ____ injection in IV

A

bupivacaine

35
Q

hypersesitivity reaction when using the LA is more seen in:

A

ester type LA, preservative and bisulphate antioxidant

36
Q

vasoconstictors are not used with LA of:

A

BP >180\110
CVS diseases
uncontrolled hypertyroidism

37
Q

lidocaine and prilocaine is nou used in ______ semester

A

first

38
Q

mepivicaine, artcaine and bupivicaine are not used in ______ semester

A

all semesters

39
Q

LA thats not used in breastfeeding

A

bupivicaine

40
Q

phentolamine mesylate is used

A

as LA for soft tissue (submucosal injection)
non selective a1 antagonist

PNS (6 decks)

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