Pharmacology Flashcards
methylxanthies MOA
inhibition of A1 receptors and PDE enzymes which cause increase in c AMP
positive inotropic effect and chronotropic effect are seen in what stimulant
methylxanthines
lethal dose for methylxanthine and its effects in general
10 grams (cardiac arrythmia)
tolerance is rapid and withdrawal is seen
idications for caffeine intake clinically
headache with acetaminophen
apnea of prematurity
Nicotine MOA and dependences
Nm and Nn receptors ( low dose > stimulation and high dose > desensitization )
physical and psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms
high doses of nicotine causes
loss of appetite in low doses
central RS paralysis and severe hypotention in high doses
smoking cessation programs
varenicline :as a partial agonist for Nn receptor for 12 weeks
buproprion : inhibiting dopamine and NE reuptake
cocaine dependences and MOA
dopamine NE and serotonin reuptake
high tolerence , dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
theraputic uses of cocaine and how
local anesthetics for ENT , nose and eyes
by working on A1 receptors > vasoconstriction
peripheral action of cocaine
increase in HR,BP temp
dilate pubils and light sensitivity
amophetamines MOA and antidote
release on NE dopamine and seerotonin
haloperidol
therapeutic uses of amphitamines
ADHD : methylphenidate
narcolepsy: modafinil
obesity but not used
fenthyline (ceptadon) is
amphetamine and theophylline
LSD MOA
partial agonist of 5HT
most powerful hallicinogen
actions of LSD on CNS
increase color perception and body image changes impaired depth, and time
sympathomemmitic
MDMA (ectasy or molly) MOA and it causes:
5 HT reuptake
bruxism and trismus and serotonin syn.
cannabinoids MOA
are same as detla 9 tetrahydrocannabinol
CB1 + CB2 activation
uncontrolable laughing and appetite are seen in
cannabenoids
anandamide is a:
nabilone , nabiximol, dronabinol are all:
endogenous cannabinoids
synthetic cannabinoids
used in cancer patients as antiemitic and increase appetite
synthetic cannacinoids
(nabi)
All cholinergic agonists are contraindicated in patients with_______
asthma
edrophonium over dose causes
cholinergic crisis
management of myasthenia gravis
diagnosis: edrophonium
acute management: iv neostigmine
chronic management : oral ambenonium and pyridostigmine
________ are used to delay the progression of alzehimers
indirect acting reversable cholinergic agonists like
donepezil and rivastigmine
atropine effect on the heart:
low doses causes bradycardia (inhibits m1)
high doses increase HR
used as a transdemral behind the ear and its side effects
scoplamine
addiction and euphoria
procaine and tetracaine are both:
metabolized in :
ester type LA
plasma
lidocaine, articaine, prilocaine are all:
metabolized by
liver, plasma,kidney
lidocaine is the DOC _____ and used for______
LA and cardiac arrythmias
procaine, chloro_procaine_ are:
short duration LA
Teteracaine (spinal), bulvicaine, roplvacaine
long duration LA
Lidocaine and meplvacaine are
intermediate duration LA
duration of action for a LA depends on:
1- dose
2- application technique (nerve blockers have longer durations)
3- using a vasoconstrictor ( epi + sodium bisulphate)
carditoxicity is caused by ____ injection in IV
bupivacaine
hypersesitivity reaction when using the LA is more seen in:
ester type LA, preservative and bisulphate antioxidant
vasoconstictors are not used with LA of:
BP >180\110
CVS diseases
uncontrolled hypertyroidism
lidocaine and prilocaine is nou used in ______ semester
first
mepivicaine, artcaine and bupivicaine are not used in ______ semester
all semesters
LA thats not used in breastfeeding
bupivicaine
phentolamine mesylate is used
as LA for soft tissue (submucosal injection)
non selective a1 antagonist
