patology

Question 1

metachromatic leuokodystrophy is caused by

Answer 1

Arylsulfatase deficiency

Question 2

adreno-leukodystrophy is caused by

Answer 2

proxisomal defect

Question 3

krabbe disease is caused by

Answer 3

B galactoside deficiency and defects in lipid metabolism

Question 4

post or parainfectious or vaccine within 1-2 weeks
resulting in diffyse brain demylation and non localizing symtomps

Answer 4

acute dissemenated enchephalomyelitis

Question 5

• Similar to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
• More severe, and usually seen in children

Answer 5

Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis

Question 6

➔ Rapid correction of hyponatremia & acid-base imbalance
➔ Alcohol-induced
demylation of the pons

symptoms: quadriplasia

Answer 6

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 7

• Abs to water channel aquaporin-4
  ➔ Can cause blindness

Answer 7

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)

Question 8

genes that increase the incidence of MS

Answer 8

IL 2
IL 7
HLA

Question 9

in MS

Autoreactive T-cells to _____
Autoantibodies against_____

Answer 9

myelin basic protein (MBP)

myelin antigens such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)

Question 10

Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration
Myelin breakdown and edema are seen in______ stage of MS

Answer 10

acute \ active \ pink stage

Question 11

▪ Total myelin loss with no inflammation
▪ Loss of oligodendrocytes and reactive gliosis
is seen in ___ stage of MS

Answer 11

chronic \ inactive \ gray

Question 12

findings in lesion of MS

Answer 12

TH1 + 17
IgG oligoclonal bands
proteins and lymphocytes

Question 13

Thiamine deficiency is caused by ________ and causes ______

Answer 13

Beriberi & alcoholism

Wernicke encephalopathy:
✓ Hemorrhage in mamillary bodies
✓ Hemosiderin deposition
✓ Gliosis

Question 14

✓ Memory loss
✓ Peripheral neuropathy
✓ Ataxia
are all seen in :

Answer 14

thiamine deficiency

Question 15

▪ Myelin loss in dorsal & lateral columns
▪ Symptoms: motor & sensory loss
are seen in:

Answer 15

B12 deficiency

Question 16

most. resistant cells to hypoglycemia :

Answer 16

purkinji cells

Question 17

Ketoacidosis in uncontrolled Type I
Hyperosmolar coma in Type II
Result → coma due to intracellular dehydration
_ Rapid correction → cerebral edema_

Answer 17

hyperglycemia

Question 18

flappin tremor, Alzheimer type II cells
seen in

Answer 18

hepatic encephalopathy

Question 19

toxic metals cause

Answer 19

blindness, neurotoxicity and diffuse encephalopathy

Question 20

cerebellar dysfunction seen in what toxicity

Answer 20

chronic Alcoholism

Question 21

cerebral edema seen in what toxicity

Answer 21

Acute ethanol

Question 22

white matter demyelination is seen in what toxicity

Answer 22

Methotrexate

Question 23

white matter ischemia is seen in what toxicity

Answer 23

Ionizing radiation

Question 24

Axon intact but myelin sheath is broken and onion bulb are seen in _____ and what diz

Answer 24

segmental degeneration
guilian barre syndrome

Question 25

▪ Due to traumatic compression (F ≥ M)
▪ 3rd common digital branch of medial plantar nerve
▪ 3rd & 4th toe at distal metatarsal level
▪ Interdigital or inter-metatarsal

Answer 25

Morton neuroma

Question 26

Ascending paralysis
preceded 1-3 weeks by a respiratory or GIT infection
segmental demyelination
↑ protein (100-1000 mg/L)
Occasionally transient ↑ WBC (10-100/µL)

Answer 26

guilian barre syn.

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is the most common typr