Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Antidote for lorazepam (benzodiazepines)
A
Flumazenil
2
Q
OD vodka (methanol)
A
Ethanol
3
Q
OD Digoxin
A
Digoxin Specific antibodies
4
Q
OD Paracetamol
A
- activated charcoal if ingested < 1 hour ago
- N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
- liver transplantation
5
Q
OD Salicylate
A
- urinary alkalinization with IV bicarbonate
- haemodialysis
6
Q
OD Tricyclic antidepressants
A
- IV bicarbonate may reduce the risk of seizures and arrhythmias in severe toxicity
- arrhythmias: class 1a (e.g. Quinidine) and class Ic antiarrhythmics (e.g. Flecainide) are contraindicated as they prolong depolarisation.
- Class III drugs such as amiodarone should also be avoided as they prolong the QT interval.
- Response to lignocaine is variable and it should be emphasized that correction of acidosis is the first line in management of tricyclic induced arrhythmias
7
Q
OD lithium
A
- mild-moderate toxicity may respond to volume resuscitation with normal saline
- haemodialysis may be needed in severe toxicity
- sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used but there is limited evidence to support this. By increasing the alkalinity of the urine it promotes lithium excretion
8
Q
Heparin antidote
A
protamine sulphate
9
Q
Beta-blockers antidote
A
- if bradycardic then atropine
- in resistant cases glucagon
10
Q
Ethylene glycol(antifreeze)
A
- fomepizole
- ethanol
- haemodialysis
11
Q
Methanol poisoning
A
- fomepizole or ethanol
- haemodialysis
12
Q
Organophosphate insecticides intoxication
A
atropine
pralidoxime still unclear
13
Q
OD Iron
A
desferrioxamine
14
Q
Lead, arsenic, gold and mercury intoxication
A
dimercaprol
calcium edetate (lead)
15
Q
CO intoxication
A
- 100% oxygen
- hyperbaric oxygen
