pharmacology

Question 1

what does pharmacology study

Answer 1

how drugs modify
biochemical, physiological and psychological
processes in health and disease

Question 2

what is pharmacology

Answer 2

Study of the effects of chemical
substances on the function of living systems

Question 3

what is a drug

Answer 3

chemical that affects physiological
function in specific way

Question 4

what do drugs generally act on and give examples

Answer 4

target proteins (“receptors”):
➢Enzymes
➢Carriers
➢Ion channels
➢Receptors

Question 5

what must specificity be

Answer 5

reciprocal: ie specific drug
binds to specific target and specific target will only recognise specific drug

Question 6

are all drugs specific

Answer 6

no, and so there is always side effects

Question 7

name 4 types of receptor-effector linkage

Answer 7

1. ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors)
2. g protein coupled receptors (metabotropic)
3. kinase linked receptors
4. nuclear receptors

Question 8

name 4 targets for drug action

Answer 8

receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters

Question 9

what are the 2 stages in drug-receptor interactions

Answer 9

binding, activation

Question 10

what are the roles of a ligand, agonist and antagonist

Answer 10

the primary ligand activates a receptor (response)
agonist will also activate the receptor (response)
antagonist will block receptor activity (no response)

Question 11

If: Binding + Activation; what is the drug type

Answer 11

agonist

Question 12

If: Binding only; what is the drug type

Answer 12

Antagonsit

Question 13

what is the difference between affinity and efficacy

Answer 13

Ability of drug to bind to receptor = Affinity
Ability of drug to activate receptor= Efficacy

Question 14

agonist characteristics

Answer 14

has affinity and efficacy

Question 15

what’s the difference between full& partial agonist

Answer 15

Full agonist –> maximal tissue response
Partial agonist –> submaximal tissue response

Question 16

antagonist characteristics

Answer 16

has affinity but little or no efficacy
prevents agonist from binding to receptor

Question 17

Pharmacological experimental Set-up, what is under investigation

Answer 17

tissue under investigation (eg
strip of muscle) mounted in
organ bath

Question 18

Pharmacological experimental Set-up; what is measured

Answer 18

Effect of drug measured as
biological response (eg muscle
contraction/relaxation)
* Investigate effect of
increasing drug concentration

Question 19

Pharmacological experimental Set-up; experimental procedure

Answer 19

Set maximum response =
100%, then plot responses at
tested concentrations against
% response

Question 20

what type of curve is the dose-response curve

Answer 20

sigmoid curve

Question 21

what happens If agonist and antagonist bind to the same
receptor

Answer 21

the antagonist will act to prevent the agonist from binding

Question 22

how does competitive antagonism shift the agonist dose response curve

Answer 22

will cause a shift of
the agonist dose response curve to the right without affecting the slope of the
curve

Question 23

when is the antagonist called ‘surmountable, competitive antagonist’

Answer 23

If increasing agonist concentration reverses
inhibition

Question 24

what kind of responses do partial agonists produce

Answer 24

produce submaximal response ie they exhibit intermediate efficacy

Question 25

what exhibits a range of efficacies

Answer 25

chemical series

Question 26

name 2 parameters agonist potency rely on

Answer 26

affinity and efficacy