Pharmacology

Question 1

Target identification

Answer 1

Finding element of the disease / process to alter

Question 2

Hit generation

Answer 2

Making molecules that interact correctly with your target

Question 3

Lead optimization

Answer 3

Testing / tweaking structures to find the best one

Question 4

Preclinical development

Answer 4

Testing drug in cells or animals

Question 5

Etoposide

Answer 5

Inhibits eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II as a form of cancer chemotherapy

Question 6

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 6

Antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

Question 7

Norfloxacin

Answer 7

Antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

Question 8

Rifampin

Answer 8

Bactericidal agent against tuberculosis that binds to the beta subunit of RNAP and blocks the DNA/RNA channel by preventing synthesis of the 2nd or 3rd phosphodiester bond via steric-occlusion.

Question 9

Spinraza (Nusinersen)

Answer 9

Nucleotide analogue that binds directly after exon 7 in SMN2 in individuals w/ SMA –> tricks SMN2 into splicing in a manner that includes exon 7 to compensate for non functional SMN1 gene.

Question 10

EXONDYS 51

Answer 10

Injection used to treat Duchenne’s by skipping exon 51 in the DMD gene, restoring the reading frame.

Question 11

Streptomycin

Answer 11

Amino glycoside that interferes w/ base pairing between tRNA anticodon and mRNA codon.

Question 12

Tetracycline

Answer 12

Binds to 30S subunit and inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosome.

Question 13

Chloramphenicol

Answer 13

Inhibits peptidyl transferase activity of the 50s ribosomal unit.

Question 14

Erythromycin

Answer 14

Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and interferes with translocation.

Question 15

Puromycin

Answer 15

Causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of aminoacyl-tRNA. Bind to A site and causes premature release of the peptide.