Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System Exam 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How do asthma medications work? (2 ways)

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle

Prevent and treat inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three types of nerve fibers innervate airways?

A

Sympathetic/adrenergic
Parasympathetic/cholinergic
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic fibers (NANC fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation cause in the airway?

A

Bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation cause in the airway?

A

Bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does NANC stimulation cause in the airway?

A

Stimulatory or inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the endogenous agonist for B2 receptors?

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three indications for anticholinergic agents

A

Treatment of COPD
Treatment of acute asthma exacerbations
When B-agonist are contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the six bronchoconstricting peptides? (released by NANC fibers)

A 
Neurokinin A
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
Substance P
Bradykinin
Tachykinin
Neuropeptide Y
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two bronchodilators does NANC fibers release?

A

NO

VIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of T cells does asthma trigger?

A

TH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does IL-4 induce?

A

B cells to produce exaggerated amounts of IgE

IgE binds to mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does IL-13 induce?

A

Causes goblet cell hyperplasia, increased mucus production, smooth muscle hyperplasia/hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does IL-5 induce?

A

Recruits eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ipratropium used for?

A

Astha not responsive to inhaled B2 agonist

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is ipratropium better than atropine?

A

Not significantly absorbed

Minimal side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ipratropium mechanism of action

A

Muscarinic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What long acting anticholinergic is used for COPD?

A

Tiotropium

and ipratropium

18
Q

Terbutaline

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

B2

19
Q

Albuterol

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

B2

20
Q

Pirbuterol

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

B2

21
Q

Biterol

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

B2

22
Q

Isoproterenol

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

Mixed

23
Q

Metaproternol

B1, B2, or mixed selectivity?

A

B2 selective with slight B1 action

24
Q

Why are anti-asthma agents better in inhalant form? (such as albuterol)

A

Reduced systemic effects of drug

25
Q

What can high doses of B2 agonist cause? And why?

A

Tremor because the receptors are expressed in peripheral skeletal muscles

26
Q

What are formoterol and salmeterol?

A

Long acting beta agonist (LABA)

27
Q

What is the advantage of LABA and why?

A

Have lipophilic side chain–>resist degradation

Used prophylaxis

28
Q

What must be administered with formoterol and salmeterol? And why?

A

Corticosteroids because they dont treat inflammation

29
Q

How do methylxanthines work?

A

Nonspecific inhibition of phosphodiesterase isoenzymes
Prevents cAMP degradation causing relaxation of muscle
Also inhibit inflammation

30
Q

What are two methylxanthines?

A

Theophylline

Aminophylline

31
Q

What receptor causes secondary effects of theophylline such as hypoxia?

A

Adenosine receptor antagonism

32
Q

Why does theophylline have interactions with cimetidine?

A

Metabolized by P450 isoenzyme CYP3A

33
Q

What is the best protective agent for asthma?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

34
Q

Why do corticosteroids have long term prophylactic effects?

A

Inhibit IL-4 and IL-5 reducing inflammation
Induce apoptosis on inflammatory cells
Reduced inflammation over time causes reduction in hyper resonsiveness and reverses features of asthma

35
Q

What are the limitations of corticosteroids?

A

Do not sure astham, simply reduce inflammation

Does not reverse long term injury

36
Q

What does substitution at the 17a position do to corticosteroids?

A

Increases topical absorption

37
Q

What does cromolyn do?

A

Inhibits allergic response but does not relieve response once it begins

38
Q

What do montelukast and zafirlukast do?

A

Inhibit binding of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 to CysLT1

39
Q

What is the mechanism of omalizumab on asthma?

A

Decreases quantity of IgE and block remaining IgE from binding to mast cells

40
Q

What patients should be treated with regular preventive therapy for asthma?

A

Patients with more frequent or severe symptoms, or with impairment in lung function

Respiratory System Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions