Clinical 1 - Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease

Question 1

How long does a cough have to last to be chronic?

Answer 1

3 weeks or more

Question 2

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 2

Coughing up blood or bloody sputum that originates below the larynx

Question 3

What is pseudohemoptysis?

Answer 3

Coughing up blood previously aspirated into the airways from the GI tract, nose, or supraglottic areas

Question 4

What is dyspnea?

Answer 4

Awareness of breathlessness

Question 5

What is orthopnea?

Answer 5

Breathlessness in the supine position

Question 6

WHat is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

Answer 6

Breathlessness while sleeping causing you to wake up

Question 7

What is cyanosis?

Answer 7

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes

When deoxy-Hb is greater than 5g/dL

Question 8

What causes cherry red flush?

Answer 8

Carboxyhemoglobinemia (CO poisoning)

Question 9

What is clubbing?

Answer 9

Enlargement of the distal segment of a digit

Question 10

What are common respiratory causes of clubbing?

Answer 10

CF, bronchiectasis, benign mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 11

What is hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy?

Answer 11

Clubbing, painful periosteal hypertrophy of long bones, and arthralgia of large joints

Question 12

What is the most common cause of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy?

Answer 12

Lung cancers

Question 13

What causes Horner syndrome?

Answer 13

Pancoast tumor of the lung

Question 14

Describe Horner syndrome?

Answer 14

Small pupil (miosis)
Decreased sweating (anhydrosis)
Drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)

Question 15

What are the two signs of hypercarbia?

Answer 15

Redness and swelling of cunjuctiva

Mental obtundation