pharmacology Flashcards
describe prednisolone acetate in eye drops
hydrophobic
Good penetration in uninflamed cornea
Used post-operatively
describe prednisolone phosphate eye drops
hydrophilic
Poor penetration in uninflamed cornea
Used for cornea disease or when want low dose steroids
what are other routes of administration of drugs for the eye other than topical?
subconjunctival
subtenons
intravitreal & intracameral injections
what is the most common topical antibiotic used in eyes
chloramphenicol
what drug do you use to treat contact lens ulcers?
ofloxacin
when would you use topical opthalmic steroids?
post op cataracts
uveitis
to prevent corneal graft rejection
what are the eye related side effects of steroids?
cataract
glaucoma
exacerbation of viral infection
what other anti-inflammatory agents an be used on the eyes?
anti-histamines (e.g. hayfever, allergic conjunctivitis)
NSAIDs (pain relief)
what is glaucoma?
A group of diseases characterised by a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in characteristic fields defects.
chronic, slowly progressive disease
what medications are used for glaucoma?
Prostanoids eg Latanoprost (‘Xalatan’)
Beta blockers
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - topical or systemic
Alpha2 adrenergic agonists
Parasympathomimetic - pilocarpine
Combination - (dorzolamide and timolol - Cosopt )
what is endopthalmitis?
purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection
it is sight threatening
what is the treatment for wet macular degeneration?
vaso-endothelial growth factor
monoclonal antibodies
intravitreal injections
what is local anaesthetic used for in opthamology?
1) FB removal
2) Tonometry (IOP measurement)
3) corneal scraping
4) comfort
5) Cataract surgery
what is the most commonly used diagnostic dye?
fluorescein
what is fluorescein used for?
1) shows corneal abrasion
2) dendritic ulcer
3) identify leaks
4) tonometry
5) diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction
6) angiography
