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Paramedic Care - Principles & Practice > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs & Medications

A

Broadly defined as Foreign substances placed into the body.

Chemicals used to diagose, treat, or prevent disease.

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

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3
Q

4 main sources of drugs

A

Plants, animals, minerals, and the laboratory.

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4
Q

Components of a drug profile.

A
  • name
  • classification
  • mechanism of action
  • indications
  • pharmakinetics
  • side affects
  • routes of administration
  • contraindications
  • dosage
  • how supplied
  • special considerations
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5
Q

Controlled substance drug schedules

A

1 - riskiest. No medical application. [Herion, LSD, etc.
2 - High abuse potential. Some medical use. Opium, cochise, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc.
3 - less abuse potential. Limited opioid combinations. Tylenol and codeine.
4 - limited abuse potential. Diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital
5 - lowest abuse potential. Some opioid, cough, diarrhea

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6
Q

FDA Pregnancy Categories

A

Before 2015. A-D, & X.
Now:
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Females & Males Reproductive Potential

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7
Q

Broselow Tape

A

The Broselow tape is a color-coded tape measure that, by height, assigns the child into one of eight color zones containing both medication dosing and equipment information useful for trauma resuscitation.

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8
Q

Most important factor with pediatric dose calculation

A

Body surface area and weight

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of basic processes that determine duration and intensity of a drug’s effect. ADME
- absorption
- distribution
- biotransformation
- elimination

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10
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug DOES. drug effects once they reach target tissues.

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11
Q

Bioavailability

A

the measure of the amount of a drug that still active after it reaches its target tissue

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12
Q

Biotransformation

A

How a drug is metabolized.
- transform to more or less active metabolite
- make the drug more water soluble

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13
Q

Enteral Routes

A

deliver medications by absporption through the gastrointestinal tract.
- Oral (PO)
- Orogastric/nasogastric tube (OG/NG)
- Sublingual (SL)
- Buccal
- Rectal (PR)

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14
Q

Parenteral Routes

A

medication delivery method outside of the intestinal tract.
- Intravenous (IV)
- Endotracheal (ET)
- Intraosseous (IO)
…many more, page #367

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15
Q

Drug Forms

A

page #367

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16
Q

Analgesics

A

Opioid agonists and antagonists
Nonopioid analgesics
Anti-anxiety and sedative hypnotic drugs
Antiseizure medications
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants

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17
Q

Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system

A

Alpha and beta receptors
Sympathomimetics (adrenergics)
Sympatholytics (andreneric agonists)
Parasympathomimetic (cholinergics)
Parasympatholytics (anticholinergics)

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18
Q

Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system

A

Vaughn-Williams Classifications
Sodium channel blockers
Beta blockers
Potassium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Nitrates

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19
Q

Drugs affecting the respiratory system

A

Beta II agonsists
Anticholinergics

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20
Q

Antihistamines

A

a drug or other compound that inhibits the physiological effects of histamine, used especially in the treatment of allergies.

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21
Q

Antiemetics

A

A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting

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22
Q

NSAIDS

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs (pronounced en-saids), are the most prescribed medications for treating conditions such as arthritis. Most people are familiar with over-the-counter, nonprescription NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.

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23
Q

Affinity

A

The force of attraction between a drug and a receptor.

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24
Q

Efficacy

A

a drug’s ability to cause the expected response

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25
Q

Agonist

A

bind to the receptor an cause it to initiate the expected response.

26
Q

Antagonist

A

bind to the receptor but do NOT cause the expected response

27
Q

Responses to drug administration

A
  • allergic reaction
  • idiosyncrasy
  • tolerance
  • cross tolerance
  • tachyphylaxis (rapid tolerance)
  • cumulative effect
  • drug dependence
  • drug interaction
  • drug antagonism
  • summation (1+1=2)
  • synergism (1+1=3)
  • potentiation (one enhances another)
  • interference
28
Q

Allergic Reaction

A

aka, hyper sensitivity. activates the immune system

29
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

drug effect unique to the individual. outside of the normal population distributions.

30
Q

Factors affecting drug responses

A
  • age
  • body mass
  • sex
  • environmental milieu
  • pathological state
  • genetic factors
  • psychological factors
31
Q

iatrogenic

A

a disease or response induced by the actions of a care provider.

32
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

A term used to describe how a drug or other substance produces an effect in the body. For example, a drug’s mechanism of action could be how it affects a specific target in a cell, such as an enzyme, or a cell function, such as cell growth.

33
Q

Side effect

A

a known and understood reaction

34
Q

Adverse reaction

A

unknown, unexpected reaction

35
Q

Assay

A

amount of purity in a chemical preparation

36
Q

Bioequivalence

A

relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically identical drugs.

37
Q

First pass effect

A

what happens to enteral medication first through GI tract.

38
Q

Albumen

A

chief plasma protein in our body

39
Q

Medications that can be given endotracheal

A

LEAN
Lidocaine
Epinephrine
Atropine
Naloxone

40
Q

Down-Regulation

A

Body decreases number of available receptors

41
Q

Up-Regulation

A

Body increases number of available receptors

42
Q

competitive antagonists

A

A competitive antagonist competes for the same binding site with an agonist, and their binding is mutually exclusive.

43
Q

non-competitive antagonists

A

binds to an allosteric (non-agonist) site on the receptor to prevent activation of the receptor.

44
Q

irreversible antagonism

A

a type of antagonist that binds permanently to a receptor

45
Q

loading dose

A

high dose or high concentration to get into therapeutic zone

46
Q

Maintenance dose

A

lower dose (drip) to keep in therapeutic zone

47
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

a ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies)

48
Q

Therapeutic Window

A

The dose range of a drug that provides safe and effective therapy with minimal adverse effects.

49
Q

Vaughn-Williams Classification

A

the system used to categorize antiarrhythmic drug therapy into class IA, class IB, class IC, class II, class III, class IV and class V

50
Q

Drugs that end in “OL”

A

typically a “beta blocker”

51
Q

VW Class 1

A

Sodium Channel Blockers
(lidocaine)
1a, 1b, 1c,

52
Q

VW Class 2

A

Beta Blockers
(Metroprolol)

53
Q

VW Class 3

A

Potassium Channel Blockers
(Amiodarone)

54
Q

VW Class 4

A

Calcium Channel Blockers
(Diltiazem)

55
Q

VW Class 5

A

Miscellaneous

56
Q

SLUDGE

A

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI distress, and Emesis

57
Q

DUMBBBELS

A

Diaphoresis/Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm/Bradycardia/Bronchorrhea, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation

58
Q

Beta 1 Receptor

A

B- Bigger. Cardiac. increase heart rate and contractiility

59
Q

Beta 2 Receptor

A

Lungs - Broncho and vasodialation

60
Q

Alpha 1 Receptor

A

Cause vasoconstriction when stimulated

61
Q

Alpha 2 Receptor

A

Alpha-2 agonists or alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists are drugs used to treat high blood pressure.

62
Q

Reversible antagonist

A

binds non-covalently to the receptor, therefore can be “washed out”.

Paramedic Care - Principles & Practice (13 decks)

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