Fluids & Electrolytes

Question 1

Colloids

Answer 1

contains proteins or other high-molecular-weight molecules that tend to remain in the intravascular space for an extend period of time.

Question 2

Crystalloids

Question 3

Electrolytes

Answer 3

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect how your body functions in many ways, including: The amount of water in your body. The acidity of your blood (pH) Your muscle function.

Question 4

Brain % of Water

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

Muscle % of Water

Answer 5

73%

Question 6

Bone % of Water

Answer 6

31%

Question 7

Blood % of Water

Answer 7

83%

Question 8

Sodium

Answer 8

heavily involved in fluid regulation
135-145 mEa/L

Question 9

Hyponatremia

Answer 9

blood sodium level that is lower than normal

Question 10

Aldosterone

Answer 10

It plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure mainly by acting on organs such as the kidney and the colon to increase the amount of salt (sodium) reabsorbed into the bloodstream and to increase the amount of potassium excreted in the urine. Aldosterone also causes water to be reabsorbed along with sodium; this increases blood volume and therefore blood pressure.

Question 11

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 11

Helps to retain water which causes sodium dilution

Question 12

Hyponatremia Symptoms

Answer 12

SALT LOSS

• Seizures & Stupor
• Abdominal cramping, attitude changes (confusion)
  Lethargic
• Tendon reflexes diminished, trouble concentrating (confused)
• Loss of urine & appetite
• Orthostatic hypotension, overactive bowel sounds
• Shallow respirations (happens late due to skeletal muscle weakness)
• Spasms of muscles

Question 13

Hypernatremia

Answer 13

Excess of sodium in the body

Question 14

Causes of Hypernatremia

Answer 14

• Hypercortisolism (Cushing’s Syndrome), hyperventilation
• Increased intake of sodium (oral or IV route)
• GI feeding (tube) without adequate water supplements
• Hypertonic solutions
• Sodium excretion decreased (body keeping too much sodium) and corticosteroids
• Aldosterone overproduction (Hyperaldosteronism…Conn’s Syndrome)
• Loss of fluids (dehydrated) infection (fever), sweating, diarrhea, and diabetes insipidus
• Thirst impairment

Question 15

Hypernatremia Signs & Symptoms

Answer 15

Remember: “No FRIED foods for you!” (too much salt)

• Fatigue
• Restless, really agitated (confused….central nervous system changes)
• Increased reflexes (progress to seizures and coma)
• Extreme thirst (*big sign)
• Decreased urine output, dry mouth/skin

Question 16

Chloride

Answer 16

plays a role in acid/base balance in the body. imbalance and could be a kidney problem.

Question 17

Hypochloremia Signs & Symptoms

Answer 17

• Dehydration (increased heart rate, decrease blood pressure, fever)
• Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargic

Question 18

Causes of Hypochloremia

Answer 18

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Burns
• Cystic Fibrosis

Question 19

Hyperchloremia

Question 20

Potassium

Question 21

Hypokalemia

Question 22

Hyperkalemia

Question 23

Calcium

Question 24

Magneseum

Question 25

Hypomagnesemia

Question 26

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 27

Hypotonic Solutions

Question 28

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 28

normal saline, lactated ringers

Question 29

Hetastarch

Question 30

Dextran

Question 31

Colloid

Question 32

Albumen