Airway Management & Ventilation

Question 1

Upper Airway Structures

Answer 1

• Nasal Cavity
• Oral Cavity
• Pharynx

*Larynx joins upper and lower airway

Question 2

Eustachian Tubes

Answer 2

Connect to the ear with the nasal cavity and allow for equalization of pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane.

Question 3

Nasolacrimal Ducts

Answer 3

Drains tears and debris from the eyes into the nasal cavity.

Question 4

Pharynx

Answer 4

A muscular tube that extends vertically from the back of the soft palate to the superior aspect of the esophagus.

Question 5

Pharynx Regions

Answer 5

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

a leaf-shaped cartilage that prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing

Question 7

Vallecula

Answer 7

anterior and superior to the epiglottis. a fold formed by the base of the tongue and and epiglottis. an important landmark for endotracheal intubation

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

10-12cm long tube that connect the larynx to the two mainstem bronchi.

Question 9

Carina

Answer 9

where the trachea divides into the right/left mainstem bronchi

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

termination point of the bronchioles and alveolar ducts. where most gas exchange takes place.

Question 11

Atelectasis

Answer 11

alveolar collapse

Question 12

Lung Parenchyma

Answer 12

functional tissue of an organ. in this case, the alveoli. Left and right lung. Left has two lobes, right has three lobes.

Question 13

Pleurisy

Answer 13

inflammation within the pleural space

Question 14

Hypercarbia

Answer 14

increase in CO2 levels

Question 15

Hypoxemia

Answer 15

decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

Question 16

PA

Answer 16

alveolar partial pressure

Question 17

Pa

Answer 17

arterial partial pressure

Question 18

Anoxia

Answer 18

absence, or near-absence of oxygen

Question 19

Kussmaul’s respirations

Answer 19

deep, slow or rapid, gasping breathing, commonly found in diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 20

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Answer 20

Progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing, indicating brain stem injury.

Question 21

Biot’s respirations

Answer 21

irregular pattern of rate and depth with sudden, periodic episodes of apnea, indicating increased intracranial pressure.

Question 22

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

Answer 22

Deep, rapid respirations, indicating increased intracranial pressure.

Question 23

Agonal respirations

Answer 23

Shallow, slow, or infrequent breathing, indicating brain anoxia.

Question 24

Suction Times Max

Answer 24

Adult - 15 Seconds
Children - 10 Seconds
Infants - 5 Seconds

Question 25

Medicated Facilited Intubation

Answer 25

RSI
DSI (Delayed Sequence Intubation)

Question 26

Preoxygenate

Answer 26

94% or above. Try to get to 100%

Question 27

Bronchi

Answer 27

After the trachea divides at the Carina, bifurcates into right and left mainstream bronchi.

Question 28

Alveoli

Answer 28

terminal “baloons” in the lungs where most gas exchange takes place.

Question 29

Respiration

Answer 29

actual process of gas exchange

Question 30

Ventilation

Answer 30

the mechanical process that moves air in/out of the lungs

Question 31

CaO2 is:

Answer 31

Arterial Oxygen Concentration

Question 32

SaO2 is:

Answer 32

Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation

Question 33

Hypoventilation

Answer 33

breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body

Question 34

Respiratory Centers

Answer 34

-Medulla (Vaugus Nerve)
-Apnuestic (Pons)
-Pneumotaxic (Pons)

Question 35

Dyspnea

Answer 35

an abnormality of the breathing rate, patter, or effort

Question 36

Hypoxia

Answer 36

low oxygen

Question 37

Anoxia

Answer 37

NO oxygen

Question 38

Pulsus Paradoxus

Answer 38

a severe drop in blood pressure during inspiration

Question 39

End-tidal CO2

Answer 39

measurement of the CO2 concentration at the end of the expiration

Question 40

Mallampati Classification System

Answer 40

Tonsillar pillars and uvula assessment.
1-Entire tonsil clearly visible
2-Upper half of tonsil visible
3-Soft and hard palate visible
4-Only hard palate visible

Question 41

Cormack & LeHane System

Answer 41

Similar to Mallampati but what you can see with laryngoscope.

Question 42

POGO

Answer 42

Percentage Of Glottic Opening

Question 43

LEMONS

Answer 43

Look Externally
Evaluate 3-2-3 Rule
Mallampati Score
Obstruction
Neck Mobility
Saturations

Question 44

Colormetric Capnography

Answer 44

device attaches between the ETT and BVM and changes color when CO2 is detected. It’s simply a piece of litmus paper. “Yellow yes, purple problem, tan think about a problem”. When the color changes from purple to yellow after approx.. 6 ventilations, it indicates correct tracheal placement

Question 45

Tidal Volume

Answer 45

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

Question 46

Tidal Volume

Answer 46

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle. 500ml for males, 400ml for females

Question 47

Dual Lumen Airways

Answer 47

-Combi-Tube

Question 48

Retroglottic Airways

Answer 48

pass behind the glottis and into the esophagus to create a seal allowing oxygen to be delivered directly to the trachea

Question 49

Retroglottic Airways

Answer 49

pass behind the glottis and into the esophagus to create a seal allowing oxygen to be delivered directly to the trachea.

Examples of RGAs include the Combitube and The King LT

Question 50

Dead Space Volume

Answer 50

Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL); therefore, the value of anatomic dead space is 150 mL.

Question 51

Minute Volume

Answer 51

the amount of gas inhaled or exhaled from a person’s lungs in one minute