Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the four steps of pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug)?
(ADME → absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination)
How does compromised blood supply to the GIT affect oral drug absorption?
(You get decreased transport from GIT to plasma)
How does the loss of villi in the small intestines affect oral drug absorption?
(There is decreased surface area for absorption of drugs)
How does the loss of the mucosal barrier in the large intestine affect oral drug absorption?
(You may get increased absorption of drugs due to decreased thickness and leaky vessels)
How does mucosal hyperplasia affect oral drug absorption?
(You may get decreased absorption of drugs due to increased thickness)
How does altered GI motility affect oral drug absorption? Two answers.
(Decreased gastric emptying delays absorption of drugs or decreased GI transit time cuts down the time for absorption)
You are presented with an animal that has diarrhea and is otherwise ADR so you perform a CBC. What neutrophil value are you looking for to indicate if you should treat this animal with IV antimicrobials?
(Neutrophil count < 1000)
What antibiotic combination is most commonly used in the prevention of secondary bacterial infections in cases of parvo?
(Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) and enrofloxacin)
What is the term for the development of large bowel diarrhea that is temporarily associated with antibiotic administration?
(Antibiotic-associated colitis)
The overgrowth of what two bacteria are most commonly associated with antibiotic-associated colitis?
(Clostridium difficile and Salmonella spp.)
Besides killing good bacteria and allowing the overgrowth of bad bacteria, how can the administration of antibiotics induce diarrhea?
(Some abx (erythromycin) have a prokinetic effect which leads to diarrhea)
What are the four antibiotics that should never be administered to horses because they frequently cause severe antibiotic-associated colitis?
(Clindamycin, lincomycin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin)
