Food Animal Dz Flashcards
Within what time period should vaccines be administered to a pregnant cow to make sure her body has enough time to produce antibodies to then pass on to her calf in colostrum?
(3-4 weeks before parturition)
What should the ambient temperature be for the area in which you are housing a farrow?
(90 degrees F)
Is malabsorptive diarrhea typically acidic or alkaline?
(Acidic → GI content is still being fermented and microbes are still producing VFAs but nothing is getting absorbed so you get decreased pH)
Is secretory diarrhea typically acidic or alkaline?
(Alkaline → secretory diarrhea is due to the secretion of water, ions/electrolytes, and bicarbonate so you get increased pH)
Is the absence of being able to see the lymphatics in the gut mesenteries indicative of malabsorptive or secretory diarrhea?
(Malabsorptive → typically lymphatics are filled with fat so you can see white lines that indicate fat-filled lymphatics, if you are not absorbing, they will be empty)
What is a stall side test that can be performed on a calf to indicate if they have FPT or not?
(TP → if low, indicates FTP)
You perform bloodwork on a 5-day-old calf that has secretory diarrhea, do you expect your potassium to be high or low?
(High → body is pulling potassium from the cells so technically the calf is hypokalemic but the bloodwork will show hyperkalemia)
You perform bloodwork on a 5-day-old calf that has secretory diarrhea and it has hyperkalemia.
Will this calf be metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?
(Acidotic)
What do you need to administer to a metabolically acidotic calf prior to the administration of potassium to make sure you do not perpetuate the bradycardia the calf is likely experiencing?
(Bicarbonate to fix the metabolic acidosis so that potassium will actually enter the cells)
What do you need to add to the enteral fluids you are administering to a calf with secretory diarrhea to make sure the calf absorbs the fluid?
(Sodium)
What age range of calves/piglets does enteric colibacillosis affect if there are hygiene issues and/or FPT?
(1-4 days old)
When will pigs get rotaviral diarrhea?
(At the time of weaning)
When do ruminants tend to get rotavirus?
(1-3 weeks of age)
Diarrhea caused by rotavirus is typically mild, but can become severe when what occurs?
(Secondary bacterial invader moves in)
What type of diarrhea does rotavirus induce, secretory or malabsorptive?
(Both)
What are two ways you can tell the difference between a herd of pigs infected with TGE versus PED?
(TGE → quicker spread and adults only get mild signs; PED → slower spread and all age groups are affected with similar severity of signs)
Is coronavirus or rotavirus (choose one) clinically more severe with straining and blood present in diarrhea?
(Coronavirus)
What age range of cattle is affected by coronavirus diarrhea?
(1-4 weeks of age)
What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea occurring within the first week of life in all species?
(Clostridium perfringens type C)
What antibiotic would you administer to the rest of a litter if you performed a necropsy on a piglet and concluded it died of a clostridium perfringens type C infection?
(Penicillin)
Which of the types of Clostridium perfringens is associated with overeating?
(Type D)
What is the age range of calves that are affected by cryptosporidiosis?
(1-3 weeks of age)
Is cryptosporidium zoonotic?
(Yes)
What is the treatment for cryptosporidium?
(None, can only prevent via sanitation)
How is coccidiosis diagnosed?
(Presence of organism AND clinical signs, healthy animals can carry coccidia)
At what age and older of ruminants will you find coccidiosis?
(3 weeks)
What two drugs/classes of drugs can be used for the treatment of coccidiosis? (One answer is a class of drugs and the other is just a drug name)
(Sulfonamides and amprolium)
What age range of piglets can be affected by coccidiosis?
(5 days to 3 weeks)
Why is there an increased incidence of coccidiosis amongst piglets during the summer?
(Wet and warm environment)
Is there a treatment for coccidiosis of piglets?
(Not really)
How can you tell the difference between a pig infected with Salmonella versus Brachyspira hyodysentariae on necropsy?
(Location, B. hyodysentariae is confined to large intestines while Salmonella is not)
Salmonellosis and swine dysentery produce similar clinical signs, how can you tell them apart in a herd of pigs (with no way to perform a necropsy)?
(Mortality, Salmonella is associated with higher mortality than B. hyodysenteriae)
What kind of feed puts pigs at risk for gastric ulcers?
(Finely ground feed)
Do small ruminants with Johne’s disease have diarrhea similar to cattle?
(No, they get wasting dz)
How is the gross lesion appearance of Johne’s disease-infected GIT different in cattle versus small ruminants?
(Cattle – proliferative lesions especially of the ileum, small ruminants – +/- proliferation, primarily looking for enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes)
In what population of food animals is Cryptosporidium spp. a more common cause of diarrhea when compared to Eimeria spp.?
(Neonatal dairy cows)
Which of the food animal protozoal infections is associated with bloody diarrhea?
(Eimeria spp. infections)
Which of the food animal protozoal species undergoes sporogony inside the host animal, which means as soon as the oocysts are passed in the feces they are highly infectious?
(Cryptosporidium spp.)
(T/F) There is no drug treatment for Cryptosporidium spp. in the U.S.
(T)
What is the term for the syndrome that a trichostrongyle parasites cause except Haemonchus spp.? (The answer is not just diarrhea although that is one of the symptoms)
(Parasitic gastroenteritis)
How do Ostertagia/Teladorsagia abomasal infections lead to reduced HCl secretions?
(Larvae enter gastric glands for part of their development and destroy them when the larvae emerge)
Are goats or sheep (choose one) generally more susceptible at all ages to clinical disease (either diarrhea or anemia) induced by Trichostrongyle infections?
(Goats)
Is clinical disease caused by trichostrongyles more common in cattle or small ruminants?
(Small ruminants)
