Food Animal Dz

Question 1

Within what time period should vaccines be administered to a pregnant cow to make sure her body has enough time to produce antibodies to then pass on to her calf in colostrum?

Answer 1

(3-4 weeks before parturition)

Question 2

What should the ambient temperature be for the area in which you are housing a farrow?

Answer 2

(90 degrees F)

Question 3

Is malabsorptive diarrhea typically acidic or alkaline?

Answer 3

(Acidic → GI content is still being fermented and microbes are still producing VFAs but nothing is getting absorbed so you get decreased pH)

Question 4

Is secretory diarrhea typically acidic or alkaline?

Answer 4

(Alkaline → secretory diarrhea is due to the secretion of water, ions/electrolytes, and bicarbonate so you get increased pH)

Question 5

Is the absence of being able to see the lymphatics in the gut mesenteries indicative of malabsorptive or secretory diarrhea?

Answer 5

(Malabsorptive → typically lymphatics are filled with fat so you can see white lines that indicate fat-filled lymphatics, if you are not absorbing, they will be empty)

Question 6

What is a stall side test that can be performed on a calf to indicate if they have FPT or not?

Answer 6

(TP → if low, indicates FTP)

Question 7

You perform bloodwork on a 5-day-old calf that has secretory diarrhea, do you expect your potassium to be high or low?

Answer 7

(High → body is pulling potassium from the cells so technically the calf is hypokalemic but the bloodwork will show hyperkalemia)

Question 8

You perform bloodwork on a 5-day-old calf that has secretory diarrhea and it has hyperkalemia.

Will this calf be metabolically acidotic or alkalotic?

Answer 8

(Acidotic)

Question 9

What do you need to administer to a metabolically acidotic calf prior to the administration of potassium to make sure you do not perpetuate the bradycardia the calf is likely experiencing?

Answer 9

(Bicarbonate to fix the metabolic acidosis so that potassium will actually enter the cells)

Question 10

What do you need to add to the enteral fluids you are administering to a calf with secretory diarrhea to make sure the calf absorbs the fluid?

Answer 10

(Sodium)

Question 11

What age range of calves/piglets does enteric colibacillosis affect if there are hygiene issues and/or FPT?

Answer 11

(1-4 days old)

Question 12

When will pigs get rotaviral diarrhea?

Answer 12

(At the time of weaning)

Question 13

When do ruminants tend to get rotavirus?

Answer 13

(1-3 weeks of age)

Question 14

Diarrhea caused by rotavirus is typically mild, but can become severe when what occurs?

Answer 14

(Secondary bacterial invader moves in)

Question 15

What type of diarrhea does rotavirus induce, secretory or malabsorptive?

Answer 15

(Both)

Question 16

What are two ways you can tell the difference between a herd of pigs infected with TGE versus PED?

Answer 16

(TGE → quicker spread and adults only get mild signs; PED → slower spread and all age groups are affected with similar severity of signs)

Question 17

Is coronavirus or rotavirus (choose one) clinically more severe with straining and blood present in diarrhea?

Answer 17

(Coronavirus)

Question 18

What age range of cattle is affected by coronavirus diarrhea?

Answer 18

(1-4 weeks of age)

Question 19

What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea occurring within the first week of life in all species?

Answer 19

(Clostridium perfringens type C)

Question 20

What antibiotic would you administer to the rest of a litter if you performed a necropsy on a piglet and concluded it died of a clostridium perfringens type C infection?

Answer 20

(Penicillin)

Question 21

Which of the types of Clostridium perfringens is associated with overeating?

Answer 21

(Type D)

Question 22

What is the age range of calves that are affected by cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 22

(1-3 weeks of age)

Question 23

Is cryptosporidium zoonotic?

Answer 23

(Yes)

Question 24

What is the treatment for cryptosporidium?

Answer 24

(None, can only prevent via sanitation)

Question 25

How is coccidiosis diagnosed?

Answer 25

(Presence of organism AND clinical signs, healthy animals can carry coccidia)

Question 26

At what age and older of ruminants will you find coccidiosis?

Answer 26

(3 weeks)

Question 27

What two drugs/classes of drugs can be used for the treatment of coccidiosis? (One answer is a class of drugs and the other is just a drug name)

Answer 27

(Sulfonamides and amprolium)

Question 28

What age range of piglets can be affected by coccidiosis?

Answer 28

(5 days to 3 weeks)

Question 29

Why is there an increased incidence of coccidiosis amongst piglets during the summer?

Answer 29

(Wet and warm environment)

Question 30

Is there a treatment for coccidiosis of piglets?

Answer 30

(Not really)

Question 31

How can you tell the difference between a pig infected with Salmonella versus Brachyspira hyodysentariae on necropsy?

Answer 31

(Location, B. hyodysentariae is confined to large intestines while Salmonella is not)

Question 32

Salmonellosis and swine dysentery produce similar clinical signs, how can you tell them apart in a herd of pigs (with no way to perform a necropsy)?

Answer 32

(Mortality, Salmonella is associated with higher mortality than B. hyodysenteriae)

Question 33

What kind of feed puts pigs at risk for gastric ulcers?

Answer 33

(Finely ground feed)

Question 34

Do small ruminants with Johne’s disease have diarrhea similar to cattle?

Answer 34

(No, they get wasting dz)

Question 35

How is the gross lesion appearance of Johne’s disease-infected GIT different in cattle versus small ruminants?

Answer 35

(Cattle – proliferative lesions especially of the ileum, small ruminants – +/- proliferation, primarily looking for enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes)

Question 36

In what population of food animals is Cryptosporidium spp. a more common cause of diarrhea when compared to Eimeria spp.?

Answer 36

(Neonatal dairy cows)

Question 37

Which of the food animal protozoal infections is associated with bloody diarrhea?

Answer 37

(Eimeria spp. infections)

Question 38

Which of the food animal protozoal species undergoes sporogony inside the host animal, which means as soon as the oocysts are passed in the feces they are highly infectious?

Answer 38

(Cryptosporidium spp.)

Question 39

(T/F) There is no drug treatment for Cryptosporidium spp. in the U.S.

Answer 39

(T)

Question 40

What is the term for the syndrome that a trichostrongyle parasites cause except Haemonchus spp.? (The answer is not just diarrhea although that is one of the symptoms)

Answer 40

(Parasitic gastroenteritis)

Question 41

How do Ostertagia/Teladorsagia abomasal infections lead to reduced HCl secretions?

Answer 41

(Larvae enter gastric glands for part of their development and destroy them when the larvae emerge)

Question 42

Are goats or sheep (choose one) generally more susceptible at all ages to clinical disease (either diarrhea or anemia) induced by Trichostrongyle infections?

Answer 42

(Goats)

Question 43

Is clinical disease caused by trichostrongyles more common in cattle or small ruminants?

Answer 43

(Small ruminants)