Pharmacology Flashcards
Define pharmacology
Chemically interfering with cellular/biological systems to enhance,modify or block their activity.
Define Drug
Compounds with interact with biological systems
Name example of an endogenous ligand
Hormone
Name an example of a Natural compound
Atropine
Digitalis
Opium
Penicillin
Name an synthetic compound
Salbutamol
Propanol
Name a semisynthetic compound
Ampicillin
Name 4 roles of pharmacological agents
Reversible blockade of physiological responses
Regulation of normal physiological responses
Supplementation of normal physiological processes
Elimination of nonself
Define receptor
Located in membranes or in the cytoplasm usually these are proteins though they can be nucleic acids or lipids
Name 5 biological molecules drugs can act on
Enzymes Carrier Proteins Nucleic Acids Metabolism Neurotransmission
What type of bonds do reversible drugs form?
non covalent
What type of drugs do non-reversible drugs form?
covalent
What two roles does Morphine have?
Pain relief and constipation
What two roles does antihistamines have?
Anti-inflammatory or sedative
Define Agonist
Produced a response
Define Antagonist
Blocks a response, to prevent the action of an agonist at its receptor
Define potency
What concentration is required to give a response
Define efficacy/ intrinsic activity
how large is the response
Describe the common set up for measuring pharmacological response’s
Uses Guinea pig ileum in liquid attaches to the transducer and a chart recorder or computer
What is the shape of the Dose response curve?
What is the x and y?
X= concentration
Y= response
can be logs
Rectangular hyperbola
Why are log dose response curves used?
Potencies easily determined
Linear between 20%-80% of maximum response
Easily displays the entire con range
Effects of antagonists are easily shown
On a dosage response curve how can you tell the partial agonist and full agonist
Partial agonist has a lower plateau than the full agonist
Dose response curves all have the same maxium
What does this mean?
The same efficacy
What do competitive antagonist look like on a dose response curve look like
Parallel shift to the right
What three things does Atropine block
Muscarine
Arecoline
Oxotremorine
How do agonist produce a response?
Agonist binds and induces a change to an active configuration which produced a response.
How does an antagonist bind ?
Antagonists doesn’t induce an active conformation
Irreversible antagonists bins to what and how?
Covalently bind to the agonist binding site
Can the effect of an irreversible antagonist be overcome by addition of more agonist?
NO
What is the effect of an irreversible antagonist?
reduced the maximal response
Are partial agonists completive antagonist?
YES
The actions of cholinergic agonists and antagonists are not the same on other tissues for which acetylcholine is the natural agonist.
yeah
Can agonist have multiple receptors subtypes?
Yes
