Pharmacology

Question 1

Define pharmacology

Answer 1

Chemically interfering with cellular/biological systems to enhance,modify or block their activity.

Question 2

Define Drug

Answer 2

Compounds with interact with biological systems

Question 3

Name example of an endogenous ligand

Answer 3

Hormone

Question 4

Name an example of a Natural compound

Answer 4

Atropine
Digitalis
Opium
Penicillin

Question 5

Name an synthetic compound

Answer 5

Salbutamol

Propanol

Question 6

Name a semisynthetic compound

Answer 6

Ampicillin

Question 7

Name 4 roles of pharmacological agents

Answer 7

Reversible blockade of physiological responses
Regulation of normal physiological responses
Supplementation of normal physiological processes
Elimination of nonself

Question 8

Define receptor

Answer 8

Located in membranes or in the cytoplasm usually these are proteins though they can be nucleic acids or lipids

Question 9

Name 5 biological molecules drugs can act on

Answer 9

Enzymes
Carrier Proteins 
Nucleic Acids
Metabolism
Neurotransmission

Question 10

What type of bonds do reversible drugs form?

Answer 10

non covalent

Question 11

What type of drugs do non-reversible drugs form?

Answer 11

covalent

Question 12

What two roles does Morphine have?

Answer 12

Pain relief and constipation

Question 13

What two roles does antihistamines have?

Answer 13

Anti-inflammatory or sedative

Question 14

Define Agonist

Answer 14

Produced a response

Question 15

Define Antagonist

Answer 15

Blocks a response, to prevent the action of an agonist at its receptor

Question 16

Define potency

Answer 16

What concentration is required to give a response

Question 17

Define efficacy/ intrinsic activity

Answer 17

how large is the response

Question 18

Describe the common set up for measuring pharmacological response’s

Answer 18

Uses Guinea pig ileum in liquid attaches to the transducer and a chart recorder or computer

Question 19

What is the shape of the Dose response curve?

What is the x and y?

Answer 19

X= concentration
Y= response
can be logs
Rectangular hyperbola

Question 20

Why are log dose response curves used?

Answer 20

Potencies easily determined
Linear between 20%-80% of maximum response
Easily displays the entire con range
Effects of antagonists are easily shown

Question 21

On a dosage response curve how can you tell the partial agonist and full agonist

Answer 21

Partial agonist has a lower plateau than the full agonist

Question 22

Dose response curves all have the same maxium

What does this mean?

Answer 22

The same efficacy

Question 23

What do competitive antagonist look like on a dose response curve look like

Answer 23

Parallel shift to the right

Question 24

What three things does Atropine block

Answer 24

Muscarine
Arecoline
Oxotremorine

Question 25

How do agonist produce a response?

Answer 25

Agonist binds and induces a change to an active configuration which produced a response.

Question 26

How does an antagonist bind ?

Answer 26

Antagonists doesn’t induce an active conformation

Question 27

Irreversible antagonists bins to what and how?

Answer 27

Covalently bind to the agonist binding site

Question 28

Can the effect of an irreversible antagonist be overcome by addition of more agonist?

Answer 28

NO

Question 29

What is the effect of an irreversible antagonist?

Answer 29

reduced the maximal response

Question 30

Are partial agonists completive antagonist?

Answer 30

YES

Question 31

The actions of cholinergic agonists and antagonists are not the same on other tissues for which acetylcholine is the natural agonist.

Answer 31

yeah

Question 32

Can agonist have multiple receptors subtypes?

Answer 32

Yes