Glycolysis Flashcards
Why is the the 2834 kJ/mol of free energy not released as heat?
- Biological systems cannot utilise heat as a source of energy;
- No single reaction of metabolism requires this amount of energy to be released in one step;
- Always need to overcome the activation energy. Enzymes are capable of effecting only small changes when they catalyse biological reactions, releasing the energy in steps.
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate
2ATP
2 NADH + 2H+
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytosol
How is energy release in glycolysis and in what form?
energy is released in usable amounts (~ -30 kJ/mol) in the form of chemical energy, with ATP being the energy carrier.
Which coenzyme is used with phosphate?
ATP/ADP
Which co enzyme is used in oxidation/reductions?
NADH/NAD+
How many ATPs
Prime glycolysis
Produced from the pathway
Net gained
Prime glycolysis- 2ATP
8 ATP produced from the pathway
8 ATP net gained
How many NADH generated from glycolysis?
2 NADH
Glycerol.
Describe its structure and its role in glycolysis
CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
Metabolised to intermediate in glycolysis- dihydroxyacetone phosphate
What can happen to dihydroxyacetone ?
converted to pyruvic acid
or used in gluconeogenesis to make glucose-6-phosphate
What is the role of kinases?
Phosphorylates
What is the role of phosphatases?
dephosphorylates
What is the structure of acetone?
Ketone w/ two methyl groups
CH3-C=O-CH3
Describe the first step in glycolysis
Glucose converted to glucose-6-phosphate by HexoKinase with Mg2+ as a cofactor
ATP is converted to ADP in this reaction to power the transport proteins to transport glucose
Describe the second step in glycolysis
Glucose-6-phosphate converted to fructose-6-phosphate via Phosphoglucose isomerase
Describe the third step in glycolysis
fructose-6-phosphate converted to Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate via phosphofructokinase
ATP is converted to ADP
Describe the fourth step in glycolysis
Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate converted to either Dihydroxyacetone phosphate OR Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate via Aldolase
THIS IS REVERSIBLE
Describe the 5th step in glycolysis
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate via Triosephosphate isomerase
REVERSIBLE
Describe the 6th step in glycolysis
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate via GAP hydrogenase
NAD+ goes to NADH + H+
Reversible
Describe the 7th step of glycolysis
1,3-bisphosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate via phosphoglycerate kinase
ADP going to ATP
Describe the 8th Step in glycolysis
3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphate via phosphoglycerate mutase
Describe the 9th step in glycolysis
2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate via enolase
H2O is produced
Describe the 10th step in glycolysis
phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate via pyruvate kinase
With ADP to ATP
