Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

principles key points > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

biological effects of a drug and mechanism of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug and its metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

affinity

A

the strength of association between ligand and receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

efficacy

A

the ability of a drug to evoke a cellular response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

efficacy of partial agonists compared to agonists

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

competitive antagonist

A

binding of agonist and antagonist occurs at the same site, causes a right parallel shift on the curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non competitive antagonist

A

agonist binds at the orthosteric site, antagonist binds to allosteric site, no activation when the antagonist is bough, depresses slope on curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is potency

A

drug concentration needed for given effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

factors affecting absorption

A

solubility, chemical stability, lipid to water partition coefficient (lipid solubility), degree of ionization (depends on pKa and pH at absorption site, physicochemical interactions, tablet form, GI motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is pKa

A

pH when 50% of the drug is ionised and 50% is unionised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is EC50

A

agonist concentration that elicits a half maximal response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does equipotent mean

A

working over the same concentration range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first order kinetics

A

elimination rate directly proportional to the drug conc, plasma conc falls exponentially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

elimination rate in 1st order kinetics equation

A

elimination rate = plasma conc x Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is steady state

A

rate of drug elimination = rate of drug administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is steady state reached

A

after approx 5 half lifes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

relationsip required for iV to reach steady state

A

hyperbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oral bioavailabili

A

F, fraction of drug administered that enters systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

zero order saturation kinetics

A

initially eliminated at constamt rate - not proportional to concentration, when plasma concentration > Km of an enzyme that metabolites it it becomes first order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is drug metabolism

A

m converting drugs into more polar/less active metabolites that arent reabsorbed by the renal tubure for excretio by the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what drugs gain activity from metabolism

A

codiene - morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what drug is unchanged by drug metabolism

A

diazepam - nordiazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

phase 1 metabolism

A

makes a drug more polar and reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

example of phase 1 reactions

A

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are cytochrome p450 CYP proteins

A

monooxygenases, haem proteins in hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what do cytochrome p450 CYP proteins do

A

mediate oxidation reactions of lipid soluble drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens in phase 2 reactions

A

conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what happens in conjugation

A

adds an endogenous compound, increasing polarity, occurs in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

example of a endogenous compound

A

glucuronyl, sulphate, methyl, acetyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is glucuronidation

A

transfer of glucuronic acid ti electron rich atoms on substrate by UDP-glucuronyl transferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

drug excretion

A

by kidney, glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, drug leaves in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what state does the drug leave in

A

unchanged(charged) or more polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

glomeruar filtrtion

A

drugs bound to large plasma proteins in equilibrium in blood between unbound and protein bound form, only unbound can enter filtrate via glomerular filtration

34
Q

active tubular secteruon

A

capillaries -> proximal tubule - can secrete protein bound drugs

35
Q

examples of active tubular secretion transporters

A

OAT- acidic eg penicillin and OCT basic eg morphine

36
Q

factors influencing reabsorption

A

at distal tubule, lipid solubility, porality, urinary flow rate, urine pH (alkaline increased acid seretion acidic increases basic secretion

37
Q

efferent

A

away from cns

38
Q

afferent

A

towards cns

39
Q

ganglion

A

group of nerve cell bodies that house a synapse

40
Q

parasympathetic

A

long pre ganglionic, short post ganglionic

41
Q

parasympathetic pre ganglionic

A

cranium to sacrum - CN3,7,9,10 - ACh neurotransmitter, nicotinic receptor

42
Q

parasympathetic post ganglionic

A

Ach neurotransmitter, muscularinic recpetor

43
Q

functions of parasympathetic

A

decreased HR, increased GI motility, relaxes sphincters, erection, constricts bronchi, stimulates mucus production

44
Q

sympathetuc

A

short preganglionic, long post ganglionic

45
Q

preganglionic sympathetic

A

from thoracolumbar - ACh neurotransmitter, nicotinic receptor

46
Q

long post ganglionic

A

NA nuerotransmitter, activates G protein coupled adrenic

47
Q

functions of sympathetic nervous system

A

increases HR and force of contraction, reduces GU motility, constricts sphincters, vasoconstriction, relaxation of skeletal muscle, adrenaline release from adrenal gland, ejaculation relaxes ronchim decreases mucus production

48
Q

what causes release of transmitter

A

ca ++ induced via exocytosis

49
Q

ligand gated channels

A

seperate glycoprotein subunits

50
Q

what do ligand gated channels do

A

allows for rapid permuability in certain ions

51
Q

what are G protein coupled receptors

A

muscularinic Ach receptors and adrenic receptors

52
Q

extra and intracellular components of a g protein coupled receptor

A

extracellular NH2, intracellular COOH

53
Q

what is a G protein

A

peripheral protein with a,b,y subunit and GTP/GDP binding site

54
Q

mechanism of G protein protein coupled receptors

A

agonist actvates the receptor, GDP dissocaited from a subnit and GTP binds and monitors activity of effector

55
Q

turning off g protein signalling

A

a subunit is GTPase and hydrolysis GTP to GDP and pi and by sub units recombine

56
Q

what happens at cholinergic transmission

A

at a post synaptcu cell, choline uptake, ACh synthesis and storage, AP, Ca influx, ACh release, activator activation, ACH degradation to choline and acetate terminates transmission, choline reused

57
Q

pre ganglionic nicotinic cholinergic

A

central cation conducting ligand gated channel

58
Q

post ganglionic muscarinic cholinergic

A

activated by G protein receptors

59
Q

M1 g proetin

A

Gq

60
Q

M2 g protein

A

Gi

61
Q

M3 g protein

A

Gq

62
Q

use of M1

A

increased gastric acid secretion

63
Q

use of m2

A

decreased HR

64
Q

use of m3

A

increased salivary secretion and bronchial smooth musvlr contraction

65
Q

sympathetic nicotinic cholinergic

A

5 glycoprotein subunits form a central cation conducting channel, activated by ligand gated channels

66
Q

noradrenic transmission

A

adrenceptor activation, NA reuptake by transporters U1 and U2

67
Q

NA metabolism

A

monoamine oxidase MAO and cotechol-0-methyltransferase COMT

68
Q

beta 1 G protein

A

Gsgsg

69
Q

beta 2 g protein

A

gsf

70
Q

alpha 1 g protein

A

gq

71
Q

alpha 2 g protein

A

gi

72
Q

beta 1

A

increased HR and force

73
Q

beta 2

A

bronchial and vascular smooth muscle relaxation

74
Q

alpha 1

A

vascular smooth muscle contraction

75
Q

alpha 2

A

inhibits NA release

76
Q

cocaine effect on ANS

A

adrenoceptor stimualtiobm peripheral vasoconstriction (a1) and cardiac arrhtmias (b1)

77
Q

amphetamine effect on ANS

A

same as cocaine

78
Q

prazosin effect on ANS

A

selective competitive antagonist of a1 adrenoceptors, vasodilates (anti hypertensive)

79
Q

atenolol effect on ANS

A

seceletive competitive antagonits of b1 adrenoceptors

80
Q

atropine effect on ANS

A

competitive muscularinic ACh receptor antagonist

principles key points (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions