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AKT > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Management of opioid-related sickness

A

Haloperidol, metoclopramide

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2
Q

Medication licensed for motion sickness

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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3
Q

Lesser-sedating antihistamines recommended for motion sickness

A

Cyclizine

Cinnarizine

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4
Q

Characteristic side effect of Erythromycin

A

GI upset

QT prolongation

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5
Q

Characteristic side effect of Ciprofloxacin

A

Lower seizure threshold

Tendonitis

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6
Q

Characteristic side effect of Co-amoxiclav

A

Cholestasis

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7
Q

Characteristic side effect of Amoxicillin

A

Rash with EBV

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8
Q

Characteristic side effect of Trimethoprim

A

Rash, photosensitivity
Pruritis
Haematopoiesis suppression

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9
Q

Characteristic side effect of Doxycycline

A

Photosensitivity

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10
Q

Drugs which should be prescribed by brand

A 
MR calcium-channel blockers
Antiepileptics
Ciclosporin, tacrolimus
Mesalazine
Lithium
Aminophylline, theophylline
Methylphenidate
CFC-free beclometasone
Dry powder inhalers
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11
Q

P450 Inducers

reduces effectiveness of COCP

A 
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
St John's Wort
Chronic ETOH
Griseofulvin
Smoking
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12
Q

P450 Inhibitors

increases INR with warfarin use

A 
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
Isoniazied
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Fluconazole
SSRIs
Ritonavir
Sodium valproate
Acute ETOH
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13
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

Reduces COCP effectiveness
Hepatitis
Orange bodily fluids

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14
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A 
Enzyme INHIBITor
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Agranulocytosis
Psychosis
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15
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

Gout
Arthralgia, myalgia
Hepatitis
Nausea

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16
Q

Ethambutol side effects

A

Optic neuritis

Rash

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17
Q

Interact with statins

A

Macrolides (withhold statin during course)

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18
Q

Which drugs prolong QT

A 
Amiodarone
TCAs
SSRI (esp citalopram)
Chloroquine
Erythromcyin, clarithromycin
Ondansetron
Haloperidol
Methadone
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19
Q

Amiodarone classically increases levels of drugs:

A

Warfarin

Digoxin

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20
Q

Drugs which may exacerbate HF

A 
Pioglitazone
Verapamil
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Fleicanide
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21
Q

Statin monitoring

A

LFTs at baseline + 3m + 12m

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22
Q

ACEi monitoring

A

U&E at baseline + after dose increase + annually

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23
Q

Amiodarone monitoring - baseline

A

TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR

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24
Q

Amiodarone monitoring - ongoing

A

TFT + LFT 6-monthly

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25
Methotrexate monitoring - baseline
FBC, LFT, U&E
26
Methotrexate monitoring - ongoing
FBC, LFT, U&E 1-2wks until stable | Then every 2-3m
27
Azathioprine monitoring - baseline
FBC, LFT
28
Azathioprine monitoring - ongoing
FBC weekly for 1m | FBC, LFT 3-monthly after
29
Lithium monitoring - baseline parameters
FBC, UE, TFT Weight ECG if cardio RF
30
Lithium monitoring - ongoing parameters
U&E, TFT, weight 6-monthly
31
Monitoring of Lithium levels
Weekly until stable | Then 3-monthly
32
Sodium valproate monitoring - baseline
FBC, LFT
33
Sodium valproate monitoring - ongoing
LFT periodically initial 6m
34
Pioglitazone monitoring
LFT before start + periodically during
35
Bendroflumethiazide side effects
Gout Hypokalaemia Hyponatramia Impaired glucose tolerance
36
Calcium channel blocker side effects
Headache Flushing Ankle oedema
37
Doxazosin side effect
Postural hypotension
38
Acute intermittent porphyria - drugs which may precipitate
``` Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Alcohol OCP Sulphonamides ```
39
Adverse effects of amiodarone
``` Hyper/Hypothyroid Corneal deposit Pulmonary fibrosis/pneumonitis Liver fibrosis/hepatitis Taste disturbance Peripheral neuropathy, myopathy Photosensitivity Grey appeaance Bradycardia Prolonged QT Thrombophlebitis ```
40
Metformin contraindications
``` CKD with creatinine >150 eGFR <30 AKI, sepsis, dehydration Recent MI Contrast ```
41
Metformin monitoring
U&E before + annually | 6-monthly if risk factors
42
Side effects of macrolides
QT prolongation GI upset Cholestasis P450 inhibitor
43
Ototoxicity which macrolide
Azithromycin
44
May worsen seizure control
``` Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin Aminophylline, theophylline Bupropion Methylphenidate Mefenamic acid ETOH, cocaine, amphetamine ```
45
Drugs to *avoid* (not change dose) in renal failure
NSAIDs Lithium Metformin Nitrofurantoin, Tetracycline
46
Drugs which may precipitate digoxin toxicity
``` Amiodarone Quinidine Verapamil Diltiazem Spironolactone Ciclosporin 'Hypokalaemics' (thiazides, loop diuretics) ```
47
Non-drug precipitants of digoxin toxicity
``` Hypokalaemia Renal failure MI Low magnesium High calcium/sodium Renal failure Hypothermia Hypothyroid Low albumin ```
48
Drug causes of hypomagnesaemia
PPI | Diuretics
49
Ciclosporin side effects
``` Fluid retention Hypertension Hyperkalaemia Hypertrichosis Gingival hyperplasia Impaired glucose tolerance Tremor ```
50
Review metformin dose if eGFR
<45
51
Review metformin dose if creatinine
>130
52
Stop metformin if eGFR
<30
53
Stop metformin if creatinine
>150
54
Common drug causes of urticaria
Aspirin Penicillins NSAIDs Opiates
55
Drug causes of oculogyric crisis
Antipsychotics | Metoclopramide
56
Treatment of oculogyric crisis
IV antimuscarinic: procycylidine or benztropine
57
Bleomycin side effect
Lung fibrosis
58
Cyclophosphamide side effect
Haemorrhagic cystitis TCC Myelosuppression
59
Doxorubicin side effect
Cardiomyopathy
60
5-FU side effect
Myelosuppresion Mucositis Dermatitis
61
Vincristine side effect
Peripheral neuropathy | Paralytic ileus
62
Vinblastine side effect
Myelosuppression
63
Cisplatin side effect
Ototoxicitiy Peripheral neuropathy Low magnesium
64
Hydroxyurea side effect
Myelosuppression
65
Doxycycline should not be given to
<12y Pregnant Breastfeeding (dental staining + hypoplasia)
66
Mortality risk associated with supplements...
Beta-carotene Vitamin E Vitamin A
67
Increased risk of nueropathy with isoniazid if:
``` Diabetes ETOH CKD Malnutrition HIV ```

AKT (28 decks)

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