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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Management of opioid-related sickness

A

Haloperidol, metoclopramide

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2
Q

Medication licensed for motion sickness

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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3
Q

Lesser-sedating antihistamines recommended for motion sickness

A

Cyclizine

Cinnarizine

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4
Q

Characteristic side effect of Erythromycin

A

GI upset

QT prolongation

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5
Q

Characteristic side effect of Ciprofloxacin

A

Lower seizure threshold

Tendonitis

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6
Q

Characteristic side effect of Co-amoxiclav

A

Cholestasis

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7
Q

Characteristic side effect of Amoxicillin

A

Rash with EBV

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8
Q

Characteristic side effect of Trimethoprim

A

Rash, photosensitivity
Pruritis
Haematopoiesis suppression

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9
Q

Characteristic side effect of Doxycycline

A

Photosensitivity

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10
Q

Drugs which should be prescribed by brand

A 
MR calcium-channel blockers
Antiepileptics
Ciclosporin, tacrolimus
Mesalazine
Lithium
Aminophylline, theophylline
Methylphenidate
CFC-free beclometasone
Dry powder inhalers
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11
Q

P450 Inducers

reduces effectiveness of COCP

A 
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
St John's Wort
Chronic ETOH
Griseofulvin
Smoking
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12
Q

P450 Inhibitors

increases INR with warfarin use

A 
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
Isoniazied
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Fluconazole
SSRIs
Ritonavir
Sodium valproate
Acute ETOH
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13
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

Reduces COCP effectiveness
Hepatitis
Orange bodily fluids

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14
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A 
Enzyme INHIBITor
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Agranulocytosis
Psychosis
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15
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

Gout
Arthralgia, myalgia
Hepatitis
Nausea

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16
Q

Ethambutol side effects

A

Optic neuritis

Rash

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17
Q

Interact with statins

A

Macrolides (withhold statin during course)

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18
Q

Which drugs prolong QT

A 
Amiodarone
TCAs
SSRI (esp citalopram)
Chloroquine
Erythromcyin, clarithromycin
Ondansetron
Haloperidol
Methadone
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19
Q

Amiodarone classically increases levels of drugs:

A

Warfarin

Digoxin

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20
Q

Drugs which may exacerbate HF

A 
Pioglitazone
Verapamil
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Fleicanide
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21
Q

Statin monitoring

A

LFTs at baseline + 3m + 12m

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22
Q

ACEi monitoring

A

U&E at baseline + after dose increase + annually

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23
Q

Amiodarone monitoring - baseline

A

TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR

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24
Q

Amiodarone monitoring - ongoing

A

TFT + LFT 6-monthly

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25
Q

Methotrexate monitoring - baseline

A

FBC, LFT, U&E

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26
Q

Methotrexate monitoring - ongoing

A

FBC, LFT, U&E 1-2wks until stable

Then every 2-3m

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27
Q

Azathioprine monitoring - baseline

28
Q

Azathioprine monitoring - ongoing

A

FBC weekly for 1m

FBC, LFT 3-monthly after

29
Q

Lithium monitoring - baseline parameters

A

FBC, UE, TFT
Weight
ECG if cardio RF

30
Q

Lithium monitoring - ongoing parameters

A

U&E, TFT, weight 6-monthly

31
Q

Monitoring of Lithium levels

A

Weekly until stable

Then 3-monthly

32
Q

Sodium valproate monitoring - baseline

33
Q

Sodium valproate monitoring - ongoing

A

LFT periodically initial 6m

34
Q

Pioglitazone monitoring

A

LFT before start + periodically during

35
Q

Bendroflumethiazide side effects

A

Gout
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatramia
Impaired glucose tolerance

36
Q

Calcium channel blocker side effects

A

Headache
Flushing
Ankle oedema

37
Q

Doxazosin side effect

A

Postural hypotension

38
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria - drugs which may precipitate

A 
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
OCP
Sulphonamides
39
Q

Adverse effects of amiodarone

A 
Hyper/Hypothyroid
Corneal deposit
Pulmonary fibrosis/pneumonitis
Liver fibrosis/hepatitis
Taste disturbance
Peripheral neuropathy, myopathy
Photosensitivity
Grey appeaance
Bradycardia
Prolonged QT
Thrombophlebitis
40
Q

Metformin contraindications

A 
CKD with creatinine >150
eGFR <30
AKI, sepsis, dehydration
Recent MI
Contrast
41
Q

Metformin monitoring

A

U&E before + annually

6-monthly if risk factors

42
Q

Side effects of macrolides

A

QT prolongation
GI upset
Cholestasis
P450 inhibitor

43
Q

Ototoxicity which macrolide

A

Azithromycin

44
Q

May worsen seizure control

A 
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Aminophylline, theophylline
Bupropion
Methylphenidate
Mefenamic acid
ETOH, cocaine, amphetamine
45
Q

Drugs to avoid (not change dose) in renal failure

A

NSAIDs
Lithium
Metformin
Nitrofurantoin, Tetracycline

46
Q

Drugs which may precipitate digoxin toxicity

A 
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Spironolactone
Ciclosporin
'Hypokalaemics' (thiazides, loop diuretics)
47
Q

Non-drug precipitants of digoxin toxicity

A 
Hypokalaemia
Renal failure
MI
Low magnesium
High calcium/sodium
Renal failure
Hypothermia
Hypothyroid
Low albumin
48
Q

Drug causes of hypomagnesaemia

A

PPI

Diuretics

49
Q

Ciclosporin side effects

A 
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Hyperkalaemia
Hypertrichosis
Gingival hyperplasia
Impaired glucose tolerance
Tremor
50
Q

Review metformin dose if eGFR

51
Q

Review metformin dose if creatinine

52
Q

Stop metformin if eGFR

53
Q

Stop metformin if creatinine

54
Q

Common drug causes of urticaria

A

Aspirin
Penicillins
NSAIDs
Opiates

55
Q

Drug causes of oculogyric crisis

A

Antipsychotics

Metoclopramide

56
Q

Treatment of oculogyric crisis

A

IV antimuscarinic: procycylidine or benztropine

57
Q

Bleomycin side effect

A

Lung fibrosis

58
Q

Cyclophosphamide side effect

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
TCC
Myelosuppression

59
Q

Doxorubicin side effect

A

Cardiomyopathy

60
Q

5-FU side effect

A

Myelosuppresion
Mucositis
Dermatitis

61
Q

Vincristine side effect

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Paralytic ileus

62
Q

Vinblastine side effect

A

Myelosuppression

63
Q

Cisplatin side effect

A

Ototoxicitiy
Peripheral neuropathy
Low magnesium

64
Q

Hydroxyurea side effect

A

Myelosuppression

65
Q

Doxycycline should not be given to

A

<12y
Pregnant
Breastfeeding
(dental staining + hypoplasia)

66
Q

Mortality risk associated with supplements…

A

Beta-carotene

Vitamin E
Vitamin A

67
Q

Increased risk of nueropathy with isoniazid if:

A 
Diabetes
ETOH
CKD
Malnutrition
HIV

AKT (28 decks)

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