PHARMACOLOGY💊 Flashcards
1
Q
any chemical substance used in the diagnosis, tx & prevention of diseases
A
Drug
2
Q
Most convenient route of administration
A
Oral PO
3
Q
Most rapid
A
Inhalation
4
Q
Emergency , rapid onset
A
IV
5
Q
Most important site of absorption
A
Small Intestine
6
Q
Duodenum
A
10 inches
7
Q
Jejunum
A
8 feet
8
Q
Ileum
A
12 feet
9
Q
Gastric emptying
A
4 hrs
10
Q
Most important factor that governs absorption
A
Lipid Solubility
11
Q
Henderson Hasselbalch Equation
A
Weak Acids- acidic- non-ionized
Weak Bases- basic - Non- Ionized
Weak Acid- basic - Ionized
Weak Bases -acidic - Ionized
12
Q
All Local Anesthetics are
A
BASES
13
Q
Safe BP control for pregnancy
A
Methyldopa
Hydralazine
14
Q
Zero Order Kinetics Drugs TAPE
A
- Theophylline
- Aspirin
- Phenytoin
- Ethanol
15
Q
Lipid soluble to water soluble
A
Metabolism
16
Q
reduction & oxidation
A
Phase 1
17
Q
Conjugation (transferase) glycine conj. glucuronidation acetylation sultation
A
Phase 2
18
Q
Major organ for metabolism
A
Liver
19
Q
Largest family of reductase & oxidases of drug metabolism
A
Cytochrome p450 phase 1
20
Q
Highest Hepatic 1st Pass
A
Oral Route
21
Q
Higher Plasma Concentration
A
Faster Elimination = Linear Kinetics
22
Q
Most drug follw this
A
1st Order Kinetics
23
Q
Time required to reduce the amount of drug in the body by one half
A
Half- life (t 1/2)
24
Q
regulatory proteins
A
Receptors
25
Examples of receptors
Transporters
LA (NaK channels)
Enzymes
26
drugs that binds to & activates a receptor or stabilizes the receptor in its active state
Agonist
27
drugs that binds to & activates the receptos to the Maximum Extent
Full Agonist
28
drug that binds to activates the receptor to a LESSER EXTENT even when dose is increased
Partial Agonist
29
drug that has a higher affinity for the inactive receptor therefore reducing the receptor's constitutive activity - NO physiologic activation will be observed
Inverse Agonist
30
route of administration is placed in the space beneath the tongue & upon dissolutionof thd dosage form, becomes absorbed through thr sublingual veins into the systemic circulation
Sublingual Administration - this route bypasses the hepatic circulation
31
administered using a suppositorty. This route is ideal for a px who is unconscious or vomiting intractably
Rectal Administration
32
Parenteral ainjection bypass the GIT
IV, Subcutaneous, IM, Intradermal & Intrathecal routes
33
SYMPA
```
Fight/ Flight
Pupil : Mydriasis
Heart : ⬆️ HR
Bronchioles: Bronchodilation
GIT: ⬇️
Urinary Bladder : Detrussor - relax
Sphincter- contract
Peripheral B. V (nasal mucoas, GI/splanchnic, skin) : Constriction
```
34
PARA
```
Rest / Digest
MIOSIS
⬇️HR
Bronchoconstriction
⬆️ GIT
Detrusor & Sphincter: Contract
Peripheral B.V (nasal mucosa, GI/ splanchnic, skin) : Dilation
```
35
cranio-sacral , 37910
Parasympathetic
36
Thoraco- lumbar
Sympathetic
37
(+) inotropy
⬆️ depth of contraction
38
(+) chronotropy
⬆️ HR
39
⬆️ Dromotropy
Faster conduction velocity
40
2 drugs compete w/ each other
Antagonism
41
Pharmacologic antagonism
trip tp jerusalem
42
Chemical Antagonism
A=B
43
Physiologic Antagonism
```
A= ⬆️ HR
B= ⬇️HR
```
44
bawal
| calcium , aluminum, magnesium
Tetracycline
| Why: Chemical antagonism
45
Cholinergic agonist
Chol
Pilocarpine
STIGMINE
46
Cholinergic Agonist
Parasympathetic
47
Cholinergic Antagonist
Sympathetic
48
Adrenergic Agonist
Sympathetic
49
ADR Antagonist
Parasympathetic
50
Indications of the Cholinergic Agonists
1. Glaucoma
2. Ileus
3. Dry Mouth
4. M.G
5. Tachycardia
51
absent peristalsis
Ileus
52
DOC Glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Metacholine
Carbachol
Physostigmine
53
DOC Ileus
Betanochol
| Neostigmine
54
Dry mouth
Pilocarpine
55
Tachycardia
supraventricular Edrophonium
56
Myasthenia Gravis
Pyridostigmine (tx*)
| Edrophonium
57
Autoimmune Disease skeletal. attach nicotinic receptors Ach in skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle weakness
M.G
58
Diagnosis of M.G
Edrophonium
59
A lot of adverse effects
Pilocarpine
60
Indications of Cholinergic Antagonists
1. Opthalmic
2. Respiratory (asthma)
3. GIT / Genitourinary
61
Cholinergic Antagonist
TROP
62
Ophthalmic
```
Atropine (longest acting)
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide (shortest acting)
```
63
CUR, Succinylcholine
Neuromuscular blocker
| nicotinic receptors
64
Respiratory Asthma
Ipratropium
| Tiotropium
65
GIT/Gastrointestinal
Atropine
| Scopolamine (hyoscine)
66
binds the nm receptor & promotes depolarization, but the long duration of receptor activation causes the receptor to be desensitized eventually incapable of mediating muscle contraction
Depolarizing Blocker
67
Depolarizing blocker
Succinylcholine (suxamethonium)
68
directly antagonizes the Nm receptor to promote paralysis
Non- depolarizing blockers
69
Adrenergic Agonist
```
Nasal congestion
Asthma
Cardiogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Hypertension
```
70
Alpha 1 selective agonist
Phenylephine
| Phenylpropanolamine
71
Non- selective Alpha Agonist
Oxymetazoline
72
Cardiogenic shock DOC
Dobutamine
73
Asthma
| beta 2- selective agonist (bronchodilation)
Salbutamol - short actiing immediate onset
| Formoterol, Salmeterol - long acting
74
Cardiogenic shock beta 1 selective agonist (bronchodilation)
Dobutamine
75
Non- selecta beta agonist
NE
76
Alpha 2 agonists: Hypertension
* Clonidine
| * Methyldopa (for hypertensive pregnant women)
77
PHE, PHE , PHE
Non- selective Alpha antagonist
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma
78
benign Tumor of adrenal gland excessive produce of Ep & NE
| Tx. Cntrol BP prior surgery
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma
79
Alpha 1 selective antagonist
Azosin
80
Olol
Beta blockers
81
olo
beta blocker
82
Vaughn-Williams Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Na
B
K
Ca
