Microbio Dental Decks 2013-2014 Flashcards
1
Q
formalin treated inactivated viruses that given IV
A
Salk vaccine
2
Q
live attenuated administered orally
A
Sabin Vaccine
3
Q
largest & most complex DNA virus
A
Poxvirus
4
Q
Group A Virus
A
Herpangina & Hand-foot & mouth disease
5
Q
appear on the throat, palate or tongue
A
Herpangina
6
Q
appear on the buccal mucosa & gingiva
A
Hand-foot & mouth disease
7
Q
Main cause of common cold
A
Rhinoviruses
8
Q
mixture of 3 live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immnization against
A
Measles, mumps & Rubella
9
Q
1st step in viral gene expression
A
mRNA synthesis
10
Q
highly effective immunizing agent that enabled the global eradication of smallpox
A
VACCINIA VACCINE
11
Q
surface glycoprotein , aids attachment of the virus to the cell wall of susceptible host cells at specific receptor sites
A
Hemagglutinin (H)
12
Q
facilitates cell penetration, probably by pinocytosis, & release of replicated viruses from the cell surface effected by budding through the cell membrane
A
Neuraminidase
13
Q
Major changes of reassortment of genome pieces
A
Antigenic shifts
14
Q
minor changes based on point mutations
A
Antigenic drifts
15
Q
caused by an RNA paramyxovirus & transmitted via respiratory droplets
A
Mumps
16
Q
caused by influenza viruses A, B & C
A
Influenza
17
Q
act to prevent viral replication & are only effective against influenza A
A
Amantadine & Rimantadine
18
Q
Steps in the replicative Cycle of Viruses * AEURAR*
A
- Attachment
- Entry
- Uncoating
- Replication & Viral Protein Production
- Assembly
- Release
19
Q
ONLY RNA viruses that are double-stranded
A
Reoviruses
20
Q
Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants & young children
A
ROTAVIRUSES
21
Q
Most prominent & characteristic symptom of rubella infection
A
LYMPHADENOPATHY
22
Q
Coagulase +
A
Staphylococcus Aureus
23
Q
Coagulase -
A
Staphylococci
24
Q
gm + cocci that for, clusters like bunches of grapes
A
S.Aureus
25
major cause of nosocomial infection & food poisoning
S. Aureus
26
gm - facultative rod-shapwd bacterium in the same proteobacterial family as E.coli trivially known "enteric" bacteria
Salmonella
27
Salmonella causes 2 diseases
Salmonellosis- enteric fever (typhoid) bacterial invasion of the bloodstream
Acute gastroenteritis- foodborne infection/intoxication
28
enzymes that cleave plasminogen producing plasmin which cause liquefaction of fibrin. Used clinicLly removal of bloodclots
UROKINASE
29
Functions of Acid- Fast Cell Wall Components
1. Peptidoglycan
2. Mycolic Acid
3. Surface protein
4. Periplasm
30
Inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis & is efficient antimycobacterial agent
Isoniazid
31
small, rounded nodule produced by infection with M. t. It is the primary lung lesion of pulmonary TB
Tubercle / Ghon focus
32
result of ghon focus that has healed, fibrosed & sometimes calcified
Ranke complex
33
Gm + cell wall
1. thick (15-80 nm)
2. Thick murein layer
3. Teichoic acids, polysaccharides serves as attachment sites for bacteriophage
34
Gm (-) cell wall
1. thin (10 nanometers)
2. More complex than gm + cell wall
3. Thin murein layer
4. Lipoproteins
5. :Lipoplysaccharides or endotoxin
6. Phospholipids
7. Proteins
35
Can tolerate acid
Aciduric
36
Acid forming
Acidogenic
37
Main cause of enamel decalcification
Lactic Acid
38
enteric bacteria because they live in the intestinal tract of human & other animals
E.coli
39
best known enteric bacteria
Salmonella typhoid fever
| Shigella- cause dysentery
40
3 types of Infections in humans E.coli
1. UTI
2. Neonatal Meningitis
3. Intestinal disease- travellers diarrhea
41
Process wherein information in the form of nitrogenous bases along an mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein
Translation
42
transfer of DNA via phage particle. Does not require cell to cell contact
Transduction
43
2 Major Opsonins are
IgG & C3b
44
Immunoglobulin that is found in the highest concentration in serum samples from px with PD
IgG
45
PROKARYOTES
1. Nucleus absent
2. Nuclear membrane absent
3. DNA in single, closed loop chromosome
4. No protein in chromosome
5. No organelles
6. Smaller ribosomes
7. No mitosis in reproduction
46
Examples of Prokaryotes
Bacteria & (Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)
47
EUKARYOTES
1. Nucleus present
2. Nuclear membrane present
3. DNA in multiple chromosomes
4. Protein chromosome
5. Organelles (Golgi, ER)
6. Larger in ribosomes
7. Mitosis in reproduction
48
Examples of Eukaryotes
```
Protozoa
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Humans
```
49
cell contain organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes & larger (80s) ribosomes where as prokaryotes contain no organelles & smaller (70s) ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells
50
have rigid external cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
Prokaryotes
51
Do not contain peptidooglycan
Eukaryotes
52
Eukaryotes replicate by
Mitosis
53
Prokaryotes replicate by
Binary fission
54
are not cell they are obligate intracellular parasites. they contain either RNA or DNA do not contain organelles & have a protein capsid & lipoprotein envelope
Viruese
55
more resistant biological form known to exist. High concentration of calcium bound to dipicolinicnacid
Spores / Endospores
56
heat resistant spore formed within the cell. Very diffiuclt to destroy
Bacterial endospore
57
DNA is generally confined to this central region
Nucleoid
58
Site of translation (protein synthesis)
Ribosomes
59
Storage of reserves of nutrients
Inclusions (storage granules)
60
layers of polysaccharides attachment to surfaces, protection against phagocytosis
Capsule
61
Prevent osmotic lysis of cell protoplasr & confers rigidity & shape to cells
Gm + bacteria
62
Peptidoglycan prevent osmotic lysis & confers rigidity & shape ; outerm membrane is permeablity barrier, associated LPS (endotoxin) & proteins have various functions
Gm - bacteria
63
Permeability barrier, transport of solutes , energy generation location of numerous enzyme systems
Plasma Membrane
64
Genetic material of cell
Chromosome
65
Extrachromosomal genetic material
Plasmid
66
Motility (swimming movement)
Flagella
67
Mediates DNA transfer during conjugation
Sex pilus
68
Attachment to surfaces, protection against phagocytosis
Common pili or fimbriae
69
Most primitive of mechanisms for gene transfer among bacteria. It occurs naturally among some bacteria. No requirement for cell to cell contact
Transformation
70
genetic transfer mediated by F- prime cells
Sexduction
71
transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another by viral infection
Transduction
72
One of the most important virulence fc produced by pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa
Exotoxin A (ETA)
73
resulrs in no detectable change at the level of the protein synthesized
Silent mutation
74
change in DNA base sequence results in a change in the mRNA that translates into a difference in the amino acid added to the growing polypeptide chain (valine replaces glutamate causing sicke cell anemia)
Missense Mutation
75
change in DNA base sequence results in a change in the mRNA that translates into premature chain termination. Protein function is usuallt profoundly affected
Nonsense mutation
76
point mutaiton involving base substitution in which the orientstion of purine & pyrimidine is reversed
Transverse mutation
77
point mutation involving substitution of one base pair for another by replacement of one purine by another puring & one pyrimidine by another pyrimidine but without change in the purine-pyrimidine orientsiton
Transition Mutation
78
mutation that inserts or deletes a number of nucleotides not divisible by three & thus disrupts the reading frame
Frameshift mutation
79
tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals
Syngeneic graft
80
tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species
Allogeneic graft
81
tissue transferred between diff. species
Xenogeneic graft
82
self tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual
Autologous graft
83
plays an important role in regulating blood volume & systemic vascular resitance , which together infuelnce cardiac output & arterial pressure
RAAS
84
3 important component of RAAS
1. Renin
2. Angiotensin
3. Aldosterone
85
terminal enzyme in the chain of events that constitutes cellular oxygen consumption
Cytochrome oxidase
86
Stimulates bone marrow stem cells (hematopoiesis)
IL-3
87
Can induce apoptosis
TNF- Alpha
88
Stimulates IL-2 secretion, induces fever (pyrogenic)
IL- 1
89
Stimulates proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells
IL-2
90
Stimulates chemotaxis & adhesion of neutrophils
IL-8
91
Main immune cytokines are the
Interferons
| Interleukins
92
Is a component of the innate immune system because its action on peptidoglycans is immediate & not pathogen specific. It functions as a non- specific innate opsonin by binding to the bactierial cell surface & enhancing phagocytosis
Lysozyme
93
are cells that have had their cell walls & capsules removed by enzymatic or antibiotic tx
Protoplasts
94
Inhibits the terminal stel in peptidoglycan synthesis
Penicillin
95
a cells's digestive system
Lysosomes
96
Contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances
Peroxisomes
97
houses the genetic code which jn turn dictates protein synthesis
Nucleus
98
site of mRNA attachemnt & amino acid assembly (protein synthesis)
Ribosomes
99
Plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes
Nucleolus
100
surgical wounds that have been closed with sterile suture
Healing by first intention
101
healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure allowed to "granulate in" wound closes by contraction & filling with conn. tissue
Healing by 2nd intention
102
wound cavity or ulcer by granulations cicatirizarion process of scar formation
Healing 3rd intention
103
most common caused by deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase
Gaucher's diseases
104
caused by a deficiency of sphingomyelinase die within few years
Neimann- Pick Disease
105
caused by a deficiency of hexosaminidass A
Tay-Sachs Disease
106
caused by a deficiency in alpa-galactosidase
Fabry's disease
107
mosr often seen in children is a dermatophyte infection of the hair & scalp
Tinea capitis
108
occurs on the trunk, extremities & facd
Tinea corporis or ringworm
109
infection of the hairs skin in the beard mustache area is usually seen in men
Tinea barbae
110
nonbearded parts of the facd
Tinea faciei
111
infection of the groin commonly called jock it h
Tinea cruris
112
infeciton of the foot
Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot)
113
dermatophyte infection of one or occasionally , both hands
Tinea Manuum
114
dermatophyte infection of the nail
Tinea unguium
115
Most effective anti-mycotic (anti-fungal) agent is taken pill form
GRISEOFULVIN
