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Psychiatry > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of drugs are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier?

A

Hydrophobic/Lipophilic drugs

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2
Q

What causes depression?

A

A functional deficit in mono-amine neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and noradrenaline.

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3
Q

Can drugs cause depression?

A

Yes, if they deplete monoamine stores.

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4
Q

What is the role of noradrenaline?

A

Involved in arousal and emotion.

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5
Q

What is the role of serotonin?

A

Involved in mood, sleep, feeding and sensory perception.

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6
Q

What is the role of MAO inhibitors?

A

Block monoamine oxidase, causing the build-up of neurotransmitters.

Can be reversible or irreversible.

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7
Q

What is a major side-effect of MAO inhibitors?

A

Hypertensive crisis.

This can be fatal.

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8
Q

What food must be avoided when on MAO inhibitors?

A

Cheese

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9
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants work?

A

They block the reuptake of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic cleft.

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10
Q

What is the difference between tricyclics and SSRIs?

A

Tricyclics are non-selective.

SSRIs are selective to serotonin.

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11
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants tend to be anticholinergic, what side-effects are associated with these drugs?

A

Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention

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12
Q

What is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?

A

Amitriptyline

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13
Q

What is an example of an SSRI?

A

Fluoxetine

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14
Q

What should be given alongside an SSRI if side-effects present?

A

Mirtazapine

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15
Q

What are the most commonly used benzodiazepines in psychiatry?

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Chlordiazepoxide

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16
Q

What type of drugs are phenelzine and moclobemide?

A

MAO inhibitors

Phenelzine has an irreversible effect, whilst moclobemide is reversible.

17
Q

Why are benzodiazepines only given for a short-term?

A

Some develop tolerance and/or dependence

18
Q

What type of drug is pregabalin?

A

A calcium channel blocker.

19
Q

What are the first-generation anti-psychotics?

A

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Prochlorperazine

20
Q

What are the second-generation anti-psychotics?

A 
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Paliperidone
Lurasidone
21
Q

What are 3 examples of SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertraline

22
Q

What are 2 examples of SNRIs?

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

23
Q

What are 3 examples of anticonvulsants?

A

Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine

24
Q

How is a specific benzodiazepine selected for a patient?

A

All have the same mechanism.

Chosen for how long/how quickly they act.

25
Q

What can be used to manage palpitations and tremor?

A

Beta-blockers

26
Q

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the brain?

A

GABA

Psychiatry (12 decks)

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