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Psychiatry > Affective Disorders > Flashcards

Affective Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a euthymic mood?

A

That described as normal.

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2
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

The loss of enjoyment/pleasure.

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3
Q

What is stupor?

A

The loss of action/speech seen in severe depression.

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4
Q

Is depression usually worse in the mornings or the evenings?

A

Typically worse in the mornings.

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5
Q

Do depressed patients sleep longer?

A

No, they usually wake up atleast 2 hours early.

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6
Q

What are the features seen looking at a depressed patient?

A 
Very low mood and affect
Reduced facial expression
A furrowed brow
Slowed movement
Reduced eye contact
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7
Q

What are features seen in the speech of depressed patients?

A 
Slowing of speech
Low volume and pitch to voice
Sound monotonous
Increased pausing in speech
Brief answers
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8
Q

What is mood?

A

A prolonged/prevailing state or disposition.

It is subjective.

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9
Q

What is affect?

A

The application of mood to a patients surroundings.

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10
Q

Can delusions occur in depression?

A

Yes - usually auditory.

“You are not good enough” - in 2nd person.

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11
Q

Is cognition affected in depression?

A

Yes, memory is too.

Like a ‘pseudodementia’.

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12
Q

Is insight lost in depression?

A

No, individuals can see their symptoms.

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13
Q

What is mania?

A

Severe elevated mood.

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14
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

A condition causing episodes of both depression and mania.

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15
Q

How is depression diagnosed?

A

Evidence of a depressive episode lasting atleast 2 weeks.

No evidence of hypomanic/manic symptoms at any point in the past.

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16
Q

If a patient has depression with no manic episodes, their condition is thought of as what?

A

Unipolar

17
Q

What are the 3 components of depression?

A

Low mood that is uninfluenced by circumstance.

Loss of enjoyment in previously enjoyed activities.

Decreased energy.

Think ‘MEE’ - as these individuals are egocentric.

18
Q

What is the treatment for mild depression?

A

Supportive only - a self-limiting state.

Makes up most cases.

19
Q

What is Cotard’s syndrome?

A

An extreme depression associated with nihilistic delusions.

Patients will have lost insight - may think they are already dead.

20
Q

What age group is most commonly affected by Cotard’s syndrome?

A

The elderly

21
Q

What is the first line treatment for depression?

A

CBT

22
Q

What is hypomania?

A

A level of disturbance just below that seen in mania.

Must be present for atleast 4 days.

23
Q

What is a manic episode?

A

An episode of predominately elevated, expansive or irritable mood.

It must be sustained for atleast a week and hinders daily life.

24
Q

In bipolar patients, what should be given alongside an antidepressant?

A

A mood stabiliser (can be an antipsychotic, anti-convulsant, or lithium).

25
Q

Is bipolar curable?

A

No, it is a lifelong condition.

26
Q

When is bipolar most commonly diagnosed?

A

Teens/Early 20s

27
Q

Which mental disorder is associated with the greatest risk of suicide?

A

Bipolar disorder

28
Q

What is the timeframe for drugs to take action in treatment of a mood disorder?

A

Weeks/Months

29
Q

What drugs are the first-line in management of bipolar disorder?

A

Anti-psychotics

30
Q

What are 4 examples of anti-depressants?

A

Escitalopram (most well tolerated)
Sertraline
Mirtazapine
Venlafaxine

31
Q

What are 2 examples of anti-psychotics?

A

Olanzapine

Quetiapine

32
Q

Is hospital admission needed in mania?

A

Yes, in some cases.

33
Q

What must be avoided in a manic/hypomanic episode?

A

Prescription of an antidepressant.

34
Q

What is the gold-standard long-term treatment method for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

35
Q

If a bipolar patient has a tendency towards depressive episodes, which drug should be given in the long-term?

A

Lamotrigine

36
Q

If a bipolar patient has a tendency towards manic episodes, which drug should be given in the long-term?

A

Sodium valproate

37
Q

What is ECT?

A

An effective treatment involving an induced seizure.

Lasts 15-30s, patient recovers in minutes.

Mild side-effects.

38
Q

After an episode of affective disorder, how long should a drug treatment be continued?

A

If a drug is working for a patient, continue for atleast 6 months before reducing the dose.

Psychiatry (12 decks)

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