Pharmacological Management of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the action of disease modifying Antirheumatic drugs (DMARD)?
Slow or halt the progression of rheumatic disease
Inhibit the immune response responsible for rheumatic disease
List 11 side effects associated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Nausea Headache Joint pain and swelling Toxicity GI distress Sore throat Fever Liver dysfunction Hair loss Potential for sepsis Retinal damage
List 3 common examples of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Methotrexate
Humira
Plaquenil
What is important for PTs to know about disease modifying antirheumatic drugs?
Many DMARDs have high incidence of toxicity
What is the action of glucocorticoid agents (corticosteroids)?
Provide hormonal, anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects including suppression of articular and systemic disease
Reduce inflammation in chronic tissue
List short term (5) and long term (1) side effects associated with glucocorticoid agents (corticosteroids).
Short term: weight gain, puffy face, nausea, mood swings, and trouble sleeping
Long term: osteoporosis
List 5 common examples of corticosteroid drugs.
Prednisone Hydrocortisone Prednisolone Methlyprednisolone Dexamethasone
What is important for PTs to know about corticosteroids?
Signs of toxicity: Moon face, buffalo hump, personality changes
Increased risk for muscle wasting and osteoporosis
What is the most common medication for pain relief for musculoskeletal dysfunction?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
What is the action of NSAIDs?
Provide analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic capabilities.
List 4 common examples of NSAIDs.
Ibuprofen
Naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Salsalate (Discalced)
Indomethacin (Indocin
List 4 side effects associated with NSAIDs.
GI irritation
Fluid retention
Renal or liver problems
Prolonged bleeding
What is the action of muscle relaxants?
Act on the CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord
List 4 side effects associated with muscle relaxants.
Drowsiness
Lethargy
Ataxia
Decreased altertness
List 3 common examples of muscle relaxants.
Cyclobenzaprine HCL (Flexeril) Methocarbamol (Robaxin) Carisoprodol (Soma)
What medications are typically prescribed for pain when NSAIDs are contraindicated?
Nonnarcotic analgesics
What is the action of nonnarcotic analgesic drugs?
Act on CNS to alter response to pain and have anti-pyretic (fever reducing) capabilities
List 2 side effects of nonnarcotic analgesics if they are taken in excess.
Liver disease
Acute liver shutdown
List 3 common examples of nonnarcotic analgesics.
Tylenol (acetaminophen)
Aspirin
Celebrex
What is the action of narcotic analgesics (opioids)?
Prevent pain input by binding to the CNS opioid pain receptors
List 8 side effects associated with narcotic analgesics (opioids).
Sedation Confusion Vertigo Orthostatic hypotension Constipation Incoordination Physical dependence Tolerance
List 5 common examples of narcotic analgesics (opioids).
Codeine Hydrocodone Oxycodone Hydromorphone Fentanyl
List the signs and symptoms of the ‘opioid overdose triad.’
Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory depression
Unconsciousness
