Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Thiazides

Answer 1

Compete with uric acid for elemination

Question 2

Na nitroprusside

Answer 2

Toxic oral (hydrolised to cyanide)
IV short half life (give in continuous infusion)

Question 3

Labetalol, nicardipine

Answer 3

Long half life, precludes rapid titration

Question 4

ACEI

Answer 4

Taken on empty stomach

Question 5

Digoxin

Answer 5

Very low therapeutic index
Long half life (36 hrs)
Eliminated by kidney> dose adjustment wz CrCl
Large VOD, accumulates in muscles> day off

Question 6

Organic nitrates

Answer 6

• Onset of action: nitroglycerin» isosorbide dinitrate» isosorbide mononitrate
• First-pass metabolism of nitroglycerin» sublingual or transdermal patch
• Nitrate- free intervals to avoid tolerance

Question 7

Antipsychotics available as long acting injections

Answer 7

Fluphenazine, haloperidol, resperidone, olanzapine

Question 8

Valproic acid

Answer 8

90% bound to plasma proteins

Question 9

Levodopa

Answer 9

• Take on empty stomach
• Crosses BBB, converted to dopamine (prodrug)
• Decarboxylation in the periphery leads to SE
• Short half life» fluctuations in conc., on-off phenomenon

Question 10

Selegiline

Answer 10

Metabolized to amphetamine» insomnia

Question 11

Phenytoin

Answer 11

Elemination: saturation kinetics (zero order)

30 min. Before or after food

Question 12

SSRI wz longest half life

Answer 12

Fluoxetine, available as sustained release once daily preparation

Question 13

SSRI that are CYP inhibitors

Answer 13

Fluoxetine, paroxetine

Question 14

SSRI

Answer 14

Dose adjustment wz hepatic impairment

Question 15

Duloxetine

Answer 15

Absorption delayed with food

Question 16

Incretin analogs

Answer 16

Liraglutide: once daily (bec. Long half life)
Exenatide: twice daily
Exenatide LAR: once weekly

Question 17

Levothyroxin

Answer 17

On empty stomach, in the morning

Question 18

Fexofenadine, loratadine

Answer 18

Take on empty stomach