Mode Of Action

Question 1

ACEI

Answer 1

Reduce Angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
Increase Bradykinin (vasodilation)
Reduce Aldosterone (sodium and water retention)

Question 2

Clonidine, alpha methyldopa

Answer 2

Alpha 2 agonist, decrease central adrenergic outflow

Question 3

Fenoldopam

Answer 3

Peripheral dopamine 1 receptor agonist

Question 4

Nicardipine

Answer 4

IV calcium channel blocker

Question 5

Aliskirin

Answer 5

Renin inhibitor

Question 6

Digoxin

Answer 6

• Inhibit Na/K exchange> high IC Na
• Reduce ability to Na/Ca exchanger to move Ca outside the cardiac cell
• High IC Ca> inc. cardiac contractility
• Slows AV conduction> used in atrial fibrillation

Question 7

Dobutamine

Answer 7

B1 agonist

IV inotropic agent for HF. Used in hospitals

Question 8

Metformin

Answer 8

Decrease gluconeogenesis,
Increase glucose utilization (insulin sensitizer)
Increase glucose uptake into cells
Improve lipid profile

Question 9

Acarbose

Answer 9

Inhibit alpha glycosidase intestinal enzymes

Decrease absorption of starch and sucrose (not glucose)

Question 10

Meglitinides (glinides)

Answer 10

Increase insulin secretion (insulin secretagogue)
Short acting so decrease post prandial blood glucose level
Has rapid onest of action

Question 11

Sulfonylurea

Answer 11

Increase insulin secretion (secretagogue)

Question 12

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 12

Insulin sensitizer (increase peripheral insulin sensitivity)
PPAR-y receptor agonist 
Decrease gluconeogenesis 
Increase HDL and decrease triglycerides
But Rosiglitazone also increase LDL

Question 13

DPP-4 inhibitor

Answer 13

Prolong action of incretin hormone

Question 14

Incretin analoges

Answer 14

Incretin analog so increase insulin secretion
Slow gastric emptying (increase satiety)
Decrease post prandial glucagon secretion

Question 15

Sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)

Answer 15

Decrease reabsorption of glucose from renal tubule leading to more ex creation of glucose in urine.

Question 16

Tamoxifen

Answer 16

Breast cancer,

Risk: endometrial cancer

Question 17

Raloxifene

Answer 17

Prevention of breast cancer,
No effect on endometrial,
Decrease bone resorption» ttt of osteoporosis
Decrease cholesterol and LDL

Question 18

Clomiphene

Answer 18

ttt of infertility

Question 19

EE/norelgestromin (Evra)

Answer 19

Applied for 3 weeks, week 4 patch free and withdrawal bleeding.
Not effective» weight 90 kg or more
Not applied on chest