Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
a compilation of herbal remedies, compiled during the reign of Shennung
Pen Tsao
Composed of over 800 prescriptions for salves, platers, pills, suppositories, and other dosage forms used to treat specific ailments
Ebers Payrus
a compilation of therapeutic substances and their uses
Materia Medica (first and true)
a veterinary compilation for farm animal treatments, compiled by scholars in Byzantium
Publius Vegitius
Official compilations of medicinal substances, their preparation, use, and dosages. started in Europe
Pharmacopeia
First printed pharmacopeia
Dispensatorium
Most influential compilation of drugs during renaissance
Edinburgh Pharmacopeia
father of medicine
Hippocrates
compiled the first true materia medica
Dioscorides
Introduced the clinical use of laudanum (opium) and a number of tinctures (extracts) of various plants. coined the phrase “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not. The proper dose separates a poison from a remedy.”
Phillipus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim / Paracelcus
compiled the first printed pharmacopeia in 1547 in Nuremburg, Germany
Sir Christopher Wren
Reported on his experience in the use of extracts from the foxglove plant to treat patients with “dropsy” a form off edema most likely caused by congestive heart failure
William Withering
Studied the effects of iv injections of ipecac, morphine, etc on animals. first to prove that chemicals can be absorbed into the vascular system to exert a systemic effect
Megendie
Showed in mid 1800s that the active ingredient of foxglove botanical preparation ma was digitalis, and its action was on the heart
Claude Bernard
Ranks drugs acc to the extent and rate of absorption
Biopharmaceutical Classification System
May be absorbed by active transport systems in the small intestine
Beta lactams
Expels absorbed drug back into the intestinal lumen of the intestines
P-glycoprotein transport systems
Most important mechanism in drug hepatic elimination
The biliary excretion process
Dyes used as diagnostic probes of liver function and model substances in the studies of the hepatic uptake of organic anions
Bromosulfophtalein and analogues
actively excreted into the bile in the presence of biliary tract obstruction
Ciprofloxacin
mainly excreted into the small intestine via glomerular filtration and also concentrated in the liver and accordingly excreted into the small intestine via the bile and then partially reabsored
Tetracyclines
an endogenous compound actively transported from hepatocytes into bile via transport systems similar to those for organic anions
Glucuronides
