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VPharma 101 > Intro to Nerohemoral Transmission and the Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nerohemoral Transmission and the Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Afferent
  2. Efferent
  3. Central
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2
Q

Functions of the ANS

A
  1. regulation of heart and cardiac contractility
  2. visceral and cutaneous blood flow distribution
  3. gastrointestinal motility and digestion
  4. urogenital processes
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3
Q

The efferent component of ANS is also known as?

A

General Visceral Efferent
(GVE)

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4
Q

the General Visceral Efferent is subdivided into 2 primary branches

A
  1. Parasympathetic Nervous System
  2. Sympathetic Nervous System
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5
Q

Organs regulating the Sympathetic Nerve Signals

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Brainstem
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6
Q

Activated in response to critical emergencies, to elicit a “fight or flight” response

A

SNS regulation

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7
Q

The Parasympathetic Nervous System originates from?

A

cell bodies in the brainstem and sacral sections of the spinal cord, synapses in ganglia

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8
Q

Primary functional profile of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

A
  1. Initiating and sustaining energy conservation and homoestasis durign periods of relative physiological rest
  2. Reduction of heart rate, stimulation of gastrointestinal secretions and peristalsis, contraction of the urinary bladder, modulation of immune function
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9
Q

Organs that have both SNS and PSNS innervation. Has antagonistic effects or stimulation by either of the two.

A

Dual ANS Innervation

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10
Q

Controlled by the enteric nervous system together with the SNS and PSNS

A

Gastrointestinal System

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11
Q

What stimulates gastrointestinal function, more dominant?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

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12
Q

The modulatory effect sympathomimetics are not prominently used in the GIT

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

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13
Q

Provides neural information regarding the internal physiological environment. Provides neural information regarding the internal physiological environment.

A

Afferent (Sensory) Component

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14
Q

Components of the ANS

A
  1. Suprasinal (Brain)
  2. Spinal (Vertebral Column)
  3. Peripheral (Efferent and Afferent Components)
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15
Q

The efferent components of both branches of the ANS uses ________ for conveying information between nerve cells and from postganglionic neurons to target cells and tissues

A

Chemical Neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Types of neurons in the ANS

A
  1. Adrenergic (SNS)
  2. Cholinergic (PNS)
  3. Non-adrenergic-Noncholinergic (NANC)
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17
Q

Sites controlling the CNS (regulates the level of SNS activity)

A

Forebrain, Brainstem, Spinal neural circuits

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18
Q

The principal integration and control center of the ANS

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Located in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic and cranial lumbar spinal segments

A

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

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20
Q

Predominantly released from postganglionic SNS neurons at target organ sites (primarily binds to and activates adrenergic receptors)

A

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

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21
Q

Fibers that synthesize and release Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic Fibers

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22
Q

Released by some postganglionic neurons, metabolic precursor to NE, (released by dopaminergic neurons)

A

Dopamine

23
Q

Analagous to ganglionic neurons, innervated by preganglionic SNS fibers and contains Nn receptors, releases epinephrine and (EPI) and NE

A

Chromaffin Cells of the Adrenal Medulla

24
Q

A subgroup of postganglionic SNS neurons that releases ACh as a neurotransmitter, binds to and activates muscarinic receptors

A

Postganglionic Sympathetic-Cholinergic Fiber

25
Q

Identified as a co transmitter along with NE in sympathetic nerves. Mediates respomses via activation of purigenic receptors that’s as identified as adenosine (P1) receptors and P2X and P2Y receptors

A

Adenosine Trphosphate (ATP)

26
Q

Released with NE from sympathetic nerves, an agonist at neurokinin receptors. Modulates sympathetic neurotransmission at both pre- and postsynaptic sites.

A

Neuropeptide Y (NYP)

27
Q

Involved in parasympathetic integration and control, nuclei communicates with the brain stem autonomic centers

A

Hypothalamus or Brain Stem

28
Q

Location of the cell bodies

A
  1. Brainstem Nuclei
  2. Intermediolateral cell column of the sacral spinal cord
29
Q

Exits the brrainstem with their respective cranial nerves, exits the spinal cord in association with sacral spinal nerve, terminates and synapse in ganglia

A

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Axons

30
Q

Neurotransmittersof the PSNS

A
  1. Preganglionic
  2. Postganglionic
31
Q

Preganglionic neurotransmitters are?

A

Acetylcholine-nicotinic receptors

32
Q

Post-ganglionic neurotransmitters are?

A

Acetylcholine-muscarinic receptors

33
Q

Fibers that synthesize and release Ach

A

Cholinergic Fibers

34
Q

Are released along with Ach from many postganglionic PSNS fibers at target tissues and organs

A

Cotransmitters

35
Q

Reeases ATP as cotransporter

A

parasympathetic nerves innervating the UB

36
Q

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

A

Salivary glands

37
Q

Nerves that does not exhibit the histochemical characteristics of cholinergic and adrenergic fibers. Plays an important role in the physiological regulation of the GI tract, genitourinary tract, and select blood vessels

A

Nonadrenergic-Noncholinergic Neurons (NANC)

38
Q

Synthesized and released by NANC nerves and endothelial cells, important contributor to penile erection

A

Nitric Oxide (NO)

39
Q

Regulates the complex physiological processes associated with GI physiology

A

Enteric Nervous System

40
Q

Location of Enteric Nervous System

A

wall of the Gastrointestinal Tract

41
Q

Transmits information to the sympathetic ganglia and can modulate postganglionic sympathetic nerve outflow

A

Sensory fibers

42
Q

Extensively innervsted by NANC nerve fibers

A

Enteric Nervous System

43
Q

Enteric Nervous System is innervated by

A
  1. Preganglionic PSNS nerve fibers
  2. Postganglionic SNS nerve fibers
44
Q

Protein in the cholinergic neurons that play a critical role in aligning Ach-containing vesicles with functional release sites in the inner neuronal cell membrane and initiating neurotransmitter release

A

Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein

45
Q

Release sites on the presynaptic plasma membrane contain _______, interacts with VAMPs to facilitate vesicle-plasma fusion and subsequent neurotransmitter release

A

Synaptosomal nerve-associated membrane proteins (SNAPs)

46
Q

Synthesizes Ach from acetyl-coA and choline in the cytoplasm of cholinergic nerves

A

Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT)

47
Q

Synthesized in the mitochondria located in the nerve endings

A

Acetyl-CoA

48
Q

Block/inhibit the choline transport into the cell

A

hemicholiniums

49
Q

Initiates processes essential for the vesicle membrane fusion with neuronal membrane (leads to exocytotic discharge of ACh into the synaptic cleft)

A

Calcium

50
Q

Receptors in the ganglionic sites in the Autonomic Nervous System

A

nicotinic receptors

51
Q

Cells and tissues at the target sites innervated by post ganglionic nerves

A

Muscarinic receptors

52
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonist/blocker

A

Atropine and other alkaloids

53
Q

Nicotinic receptor antagonist/blocker

A

Chlorisondamine

54
Q
A

VPharma 101 (7 decks)

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