PHARMACOKINETICS Flashcards
1
Q
- What is Pharmacokinetics (PK) ?
A
- it is a branch of pharmacology
- it is dedicated to determining the fate of the
substances that are administered to a living organism - it is the study of how an organism affects a drug
2
Q
- What does Pharmacokinetics (PK) attempt to do?
A
- it attempts to analyse chemical metabolism
- it attempts to discover the fate of the chemical
- it begins to analyse the drug from the moment that it is
administered - to the point at which it is completely eliminated from
the body
3
Q
- What is Pharmacodynamics (PD)?
A
- it is the study of how the drug affects the organism
4
Q
- What do both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics influence?
A
- they influence the dosing of drugs
- the benefits of drugs
- the adverse effects of drugs
5
Q
- What are the 4 main focuses of Pharmacokinetics?
A
- Absorption of the drug by the body
- Distribution of the drug by the body
- Metabolism
- Elimination of the drug by the body
6
Q
- What is Clinical Pharmacokinetics?
A
- it is the application of Pharmacokinetic principles of drugs in a patient
- these drugs are safely and therapeutically managed
7
Q
- What is a drug’s effect often related to?
A
- its concentration at the site of action
8
Q
- Which fluid is most sampled for determining drug concentration?
A
- blood
9
Q
- What is the half-life of a drug?
A
- the duration of action of a drug
- (t½)
- it is the period of time required for the concentration
of the drug in the body to be reduced by one-half
(from 100% to 50%)
10
Q
10.What is the Plasma Half Time?
A
- it is the time in which the concentration of the drug in
plasma falls by 50%
11
Q
- Can Drug Half-Lives vary from person to person?
A
- yes
- they are based on:
- the person’s weight
- their gender
- their health
12
Q
- What 10 Factors affect the Plasma-Half life?
A
- The Route of Administration
- Dosage Schedule
- Age of the Patient
- Dosage of the Drug
- Distribution
- Drug Biotransformation
- Genetic Factors
- Tissue Binding
- Plasma Protein Building of the Drug
- Excretion
13
Q
- What are some various ways in which a drug can be administered?
A
- orally
- portal circulation
- liver
- first pass metabolism
- intravenously
- intramuscular
- intrathecal
- CSF
- topical
- local effect
- inhalation
- rapid
- targeted
- rectal
- 50% first pass
- sublingual
- rapid
- no first pass
- transdermal
- sustained effect
14
Q
- What can be said about drug Distribution?
A
- the more widely a drug is distributed
- the longer the half life
15
Q
- What can be said about Drug Biotransformation?
A
- if a patient suffers from liver diseases and there is
decreased drug biotransformation:
- the half life of the drug increases
16
Q
- What can be said about Genetic Factors?
A
- they determine whether a person is a fast or slow acetylator
ACETYLATE= the detoxification of xenobiotics
(foreign substances found in the body)