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MED 102- GENERAL CHEMISTRY > 3. ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE (PART 1) > Flashcards

3. ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE (PART 1) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Who was the first to propose an atomic structure for matter?
A
  • Democritus
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2
Q
  1. What does the word “Atom” mean in Greek?
A
  • “A” means anti in Greek
  • “tom” means slice in Greek
  • Atom means an object that cannot be cut/sliced into smaller parts
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3
Q
  1. What is, chemically, the smallest piece of matter?
A
  • an atom
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4
Q
  1. What technology allows us to visualise atoms?
A
  • Scanning Tunnelling Electron Microscope (STEM) images
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5
Q
  1. What kind of model of an atom is this?
A
  • the Borr Model
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6
Q
  1. Who is the Borr Model named after?
A
  • Niell Borr
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7
Q
  1. Is this Borr Model valid?
A
  • no
  • it is useful though
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8
Q
  1. Do Neutrons have charge?
A
  • no
  • they are chargeless
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9
Q
  1. Where do Electrons exist in the atom?
A
  • in their own individual orbits
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10
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of a Proton?
A
  • +1
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11
Q
  1. What is the exact electrical charge of a proton?
A
  • 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb
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12
Q
  1. What is the mass of a proton?
A
  • 1 atomic mass unit (A.M.U)
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13
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of a neutron?
A
  • zero
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14
Q
  1. What is the mass of a neutron?
A
  • 1 atomic mass unit
    (A.M.U)
  • it is ever so slightly higher than the mass of a proton
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15
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of an electron?
A
  • -1
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16
Q
  1. What is the exact electrical charge of an electron?
A
  • negative 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb
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17
Q
  1. What is the mass of an electron?
A
  • 0.00055 atomic mass units
    (A.M.U)
  • it is smaller than the mass of a proton
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18
Q
  1. What model is this?
A
  • this is the Electron Cloud Model
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19
Q
  1. What forms the cloud like sphere around the atom?
A
  • the electrons
  • they move at 80% of the speed of light
  • this is called the electron cloud
20
Q
  1. Where is most of the mass in the atom found?
A
  • in the nucleus
21
Q
  1. Why are electrons very difficult to locate?
A
  • they are spinning very fast around the nucleus
22
Q
  1. Provide the names for labels 1,2 and 3?
A
  1. Mass Number
  2. Atomic Number
  3. Element Symbol
23
Q
  1. What do atomic symbols enable us to do?
A
  • they enable us to determine the number of subatomic particles in a particular atom
24
Q
  1. What does the atomic number represent?
A
  • the number of protons
25
Q
  1. What does the mass number represent?
A
  • the number of nucleons
  • these are the protons and the neutrons
26
Q
  1. What represents the number of electrons?
A
  • the number of protons in a neutral atom
27
Q
  1. Are the number of protons and electrons equal in all atoms?
A
  • no
  • these are called ions
28
Q
  1. What are positive ions called?
29
Q
  1. What are negative atoms called?
30
Q
  1. Provide the following information:
  2. Name of element
  3. Number of protons
  4. Number of neutrons
  5. Number of electrons
A
  1. Cobalt
  2. 27 protons
  3. 32 neutrons
    (59-27)
  4. 25 electrons
    (27-2)
31
Q
  1. What defines the element?
A
  • the atomic number
  • this is the proton number
32
Q
  1. Can two different elements have the same atomic number?
33
Q
  1. Within an element, can we have different atoms, all with the same atomic number?
34
Q
  1. What is different about these atoms with the same atomic number?
A
  • they have different mass numbers
  • their number of neutrons is different
35
Q
  1. What does each stable isotope have?
    Name 2 attributes.
A
  • it has a mass
  • it has a natural abundance (in nature)
36
Q
  1. What does an unstable (radioactive) isotope have?
    Provide an example.
A
  • it has a half-life
  • Carbon-14 is radioactive with a half-life of 5730 years
  • it is used in carbon-dating methods for ancient samples
37
Q
  1. What is the Average Atomic Mass?
A
  • it is the weighted average of the different isotopes of an element
38
Q
  1. What 2 factors are taken into account when finding the weighted average of the atomic mass?
A
  • isotopic mass
  • natural abundance of each isotope
39
Q
  1. Where is the Average Atomic Mass displayed on the Periodic Table?
A
  • the average atomic mass of an element is what is displayed underneath the symbol on the Periodic Table
40
Q
  1. Where are electrons moving, at first approximation?
A
  • in orbits (shells) around the nucleus
41
Q
  1. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1st shell?
A
  • 2 electrons
42
Q
  1. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd shell?
A
  • 8 electrons
43
Q
  1. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 3rd shell?
A
  • 18 electrons
44
Q
  1. Do electrons tend to pair up?
45
Q
  1. Read through this summary?
    Do you understand everything?

MED 102- GENERAL CHEMISTRY (27 decks)

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