Pharmacokenetics

Question 1

pharmacokenetics

Answer 1

study of how drugs move into, through and out of the body

Question 2

drug administration

Answer 2

right patient, dose, drug, route, time

Question 3

therapeutic range

Answer 3

ideal concentration of the drug within the body for the desired effect

Question 4

4 pharmacokinetic stages

Answer 4

Absorbtion
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 5

absorbtion

Answer 5

movement of drug from administration point across cell membranes to the systemic blood circulation
IV - 100% absorbtion

Question 6

passive diffusion

Answer 6

majority of drug movement
no energy
stops once equilibrium is reached

Question 7

facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

moves down concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
relies on a carrier molecule

Question 8

active transport

Answer 8

less common drug movement
cells use energy
moves against concentration gradient
doesnt stop once equilibrium is reached
specialised carrier molecule

Question 9

endocytosis

Answer 9

slowest drug movement
form of active transport
cell engulfs the drug molecule

Question 10

bioavaliability

Answer 10

ammount of administered drug which actually gets into systemic circulation

Question 11

hydrophilic drug

Answer 11

water loving
polarised or ironised

Question 12

lipophilic drugs

Answer 12

fat loving
dissolve in fats
non polarised and ironised

Question 13

pKa of drug

Answer 13

pH that a solution must have in order for one half to be dissolved and exist in the ionised form and half in a non ionised form
50:50 acid/alkaline
ratio will change as the drug is absorbed

Question 14

pKa acid drug in acid space

Answer 14

below pKa
more non ionised drug, pass through cell membrane

Question 15

pKa alkaline drug in alkaline space

Answer 15

above pKa
more non ionised , pass through cell membrane

Question 16

pKa acid drug in alkaline space

Answer 16

below pKa
more ionised, not pass through cell membrane, more dissolved in fluid

Question 17

pKa alkaline drug in acid space

Answer 17

below pKa
more ionised, not pass through cell membrane, more dissolved in fluid

Question 18

distrabuition

Answer 18

movement of drug within the systemic circulation and into tissue to reach target cells and molecules

Question 19

volume of distribution

Answer 19

degree to which a drug is distributed
volume of fluid within the body which the drug appears to be dissolved in

Question 20

permeability of capillaries

Answer 20

leaky, allow small drug molecules to move in and out but keep large molecules inside.

Question 21

blood brain barrier

Answer 21

no pores where drug molecule or fluids can pass
no hydrophilic molecules

Question 22

placenta barrier

Answer 22

poor barrier
allow most drugs to cross

Question 23

metabolism

Answer 23

biotransformation
metabolised through enzyme reactions
once metabolised becomes inactivated

Question 24

biotransformation

Answer 24

makes the drug more water soluable and easier to be excreted

Question 25

excretion

Answer 25

removal of drug from the body
liver, kidneys, urine

Question 26

rate of drug excretion

Answer 26

indicated by the drugs half life