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fluid therapy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid inside the cell

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2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside the cell

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3
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid between blood vessels and cells

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4
Q

plasma

A

water component of blood (55%)

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5
Q

dehydration

A

depletion/loss of total body water

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6
Q

tonicity

A

ability of extracellular solution to move into a cell by osmosis

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7
Q

osmosis

A

transport of fluids between a semipermiable membrane

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8
Q

hypovolaemia

A

decrease in circulating blood volume, intravascular fluid deficit

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9
Q

hypoperfusion

A

insufficient blood flow to tissue. decreased oxygen delivery

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10
Q

hyperperfusion

A

increased blood flow to the tissue

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11
Q

objectives of fluid therapy

A
  1. replace dehydration deficits
  2. maintain hydration
  3. restore fluid volume
  4. restore electrolyte balance
  5. vehicle for medication
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12
Q

fluid disturbance

A
  1. volume change
  2. content change
  3. distrabution change
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13
Q

crystalloids

A

contain small particles able to move through fluid compartments

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14
Q

isotonic

A

crystalloid
increase extracellular fluid
freely cross capillary walls
large volumes required to maintain hydration

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15
Q

hypertonic

A

crystalloid
higher ammount of solute/solvant than blood
draws fluid into vascular space out of cells

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16
Q

hypotonic

A

crystalloid
less solute than blood
moves fluid into cells

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17
Q

colloids

A

contain large molecules which stay in the intravascular space for long periods of time

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18
Q

natural colloid

A

blood, plasma, albumin

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19
Q

synthetic colloid

A

dextrans, gelatins

20
Q

sodium

A

regulates fluid and blood pressure

21
Q

potassium

A

major iron inside cell, assists with nerve and muscle function

22
Q

normal serum potassium

A

cats - 4-4.5mmol/l
dogs - 3.7-5.6mmol/l

23
Q

calcium

A

coagulation, nerve conduction, cell membrane and muscle contraction

24
Q

fluid maintanance rate

A

ammount of fluid estimated to maintain normal patient fluid balanve
40-60ml/kg/day

25
Q

dehydration calculation

A

% dehydrated ( as a decimal ) x BWT ( kg ) x 1000 = mls/24hr

26
Q

ongoing losses calculation

A

estimated volume loss mls/24hr

27
Q

shock

A

lack of oxygen to the cells, emergancy

28
Q

isotonic fluid rate

A

cat - 50-55ml/kg
bolus - 7ml/kg
alongside colloid - 25-27ml/kg

dog - 80-90ml/kg
bolus 10ml/kg
alongside colloid - 40-45ml/kg

29
Q

hypertonic fluid rate

A

cat - 2-4ml/kg

dog - 4-5ml/kg

30
Q

colloid fulid rate

A

cat - 1-5ml/kg
max volume - 10ml/kg/24hr

dog - 5-10ml/kg
max volume - 20ml/kg/24hr

31
Q

oral fluids

A

warmed fluids
suitable for small animals

32
Q

subcutaneous fluids

A

10-12ml/kg per injection site
isotonic only

33
Q

intraperitonial fluids

A

sterile prep
isotonic only
rapid absorbtion

34
Q

intraosseous fluids

A

sterile prep
into the bone
good for neonates

35
Q

iv fluids

A

preferred
risk fluid overload
precise

36
Q

physical exam pre fluids

A

skin tent, mm, eye appearance, PCV, TPP, USG, pulse, temp, bp

37
Q

IVFT monitoring

A

maintanance, 1-2hr
critical patient, 15-60min
shock, 5 min

38
Q

cathetor bandaging

A

distal-proximal
2 toes showing to assess swelling

39
Q

underinfusion

A

dehydration, poor pulse quality, weightloss, hypotension
decreased urine output <1ml/kg/hr

40
Q

overinfusion

A

weight gain, increased urine output >2ml/kg/hr, cough, can be fatal

41
Q

electrolyte imbalance

A

caused by underlying disease or fluid therapy
cardiac changes, muscle weakness

42
Q

CRI

A

constant rate infusion
avoids peaks and troughs in pain managment, analgesia etc

43
Q

multimodal analgesia CRI

A

delivering several analgesic drugs at the same time to cover different pain pathways

44
Q

CRI calculation

A
  1. IVF rate mls/hr
  2. hours in bag - bag size (mls) /fluid rate = hrs
  3. drug dose /hr - mg/kg/hr x kg = mg/kg
  4. total mg - mg/hr x hours in bag = total mg
    5 mls added to bag - total mg / concentration (mg/ml) = ml
45
Q

Potassium chloride KCI

A

mmol/l or mEq/ml
1. fluid rate - ml/hr
2. what you want / what you have (mEq/ml)
3. mEq/hr - mEq/ml x ml/hr

46
Q

MAX KCI

A

0.5mEq/kg/hr

medical (12 decks)

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