Pharmacodynamics, Drug Interaction, Posology Flashcards
What is Pharmacodynamics?
It is the study of biochemical, biologic, physiological effects of drugs
What are the Main Classes of Receptors?
Cellular Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids of Cell Membranes
What are the Cellular Proteins
Enzymes
Regulatory Proteins
Transport Proteins
Structural Protein
What are the functions of Nucleic Acid Receptors in pharmacodynamics?
For chemotherapeutic approaches to control malignancy
What is Dactinomycin?
One of the first drugs used to treat tumors
What is one of the first drugs to treat tumors?
Dactinomycin
What are the functions of Lipids of Cell Membranes in pharmacodynamics?
They interact with drugs which need to be water-soluble
What are the regulatory proteins that interact with drugs or hormones and initiate a cellular response?
Ion Channels
G-protein coupled receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors
Cytosolic Nuclear Receptor
What are the first 3 receptors in which hydrophilic ligands will bind?
Ion channels, G-protein coupled and Enzyme linked receptors
What is the the first receptor in which hydrophobic ligands will bind?
Cytosolic Nuclear Receptors
What are examples of natural ligands for Ligand-Gated Ion Channels?
GABA, Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Glutamate
How do the receptors transmit their signals across the plasma membrane?
They increase the transmembrane conductance of the relevant ion, altering the electrical potential across the membrane
What is the rate of response of Ligand-gated Ion Channels?
Rapid Response, Shortest Duration
What is the rate of response of G-Protein Coupled Receptors?
Rapid Response (seconds to minutes)
What is the mechanism of G-Protein Coupled Receptors?
It is selectively detected by cell-surface receptor, triggering activation of G Protein in the cytoplasmic face of the membrane which changes the activity of an enzyme or ion channel activating the 2nd messengers
Where is G-Protein Coupled Receptor found?
Every type of cell in the body
What is involved in the enzyme-linked receptors?
Tyrosine kinase
What is the response rate of the enzyme linked receptors?
Minutes to hours
What are the functions of cytosolic-Nuclear Receptors?
Regulation of Gene Expression
What are the mechanisms of non-receptor mediated drug-cell interaction?
Through enzymes and Pumps Through Ion Channels Physical Activity Chemical Interaction Altering metabolic Processes
What is the definition of the colligative effect?
Action depends on the number of molecules and ions in the particular area or found in the system
What are the types of Chemical Interaction?
Neutralization
Chelation
Radioactivity
Radio Opacity
Other than buffering, what is another action of neutralization?
Binds to certain drugs and decrease absorption of other drugs
What is chelation?
Binding to divalent and heavy metal ions and forming complexes which can be excreted from the body
