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Pharmacology > Pharmacodynamics, Drug Interaction, Posology > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics, Drug Interaction, Posology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

It is the study of biochemical, biologic, physiological effects of drugs

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2
Q

What are the Main Classes of Receptors?

A

Cellular Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids of Cell Membranes

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3
Q

What are the Cellular Proteins

A

Enzymes
Regulatory Proteins
Transport Proteins
Structural Protein

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4
Q

What are the functions of Nucleic Acid Receptors in pharmacodynamics?

A

For chemotherapeutic approaches to control malignancy

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5
Q

What is Dactinomycin?

A

One of the first drugs used to treat tumors

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6
Q

What is one of the first drugs to treat tumors?

A

Dactinomycin

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7
Q

What are the functions of Lipids of Cell Membranes in pharmacodynamics?

A

They interact with drugs which need to be water-soluble

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8
Q

What are the regulatory proteins that interact with drugs or hormones and initiate a cellular response?

A

Ion Channels
G-protein coupled receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors
Cytosolic Nuclear Receptor

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9
Q

What are the first 3 receptors in which hydrophilic ligands will bind?

A

Ion channels, G-protein coupled and Enzyme linked receptors

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10
Q

What is the the first receptor in which hydrophobic ligands will bind?

A

Cytosolic Nuclear Receptors

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11
Q

What are examples of natural ligands for Ligand-Gated Ion Channels?

A

GABA, Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Glutamate

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12
Q

How do the receptors transmit their signals across the plasma membrane?

A

They increase the transmembrane conductance of the relevant ion, altering the electrical potential across the membrane

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13
Q

What is the rate of response of Ligand-gated Ion Channels?

A

Rapid Response, Shortest Duration

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14
Q

What is the rate of response of G-Protein Coupled Receptors?

A

Rapid Response (seconds to minutes)

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of G-Protein Coupled Receptors?

A

It is selectively detected by cell-surface receptor, triggering activation of G Protein in the cytoplasmic face of the membrane which changes the activity of an enzyme or ion channel activating the 2nd messengers

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16
Q

Where is G-Protein Coupled Receptor found?

A

Every type of cell in the body

17
Q

What is involved in the enzyme-linked receptors?

A

Tyrosine kinase

18
Q

What is the response rate of the enzyme linked receptors?

A

Minutes to hours

19
Q

What are the functions of cytosolic-Nuclear Receptors?

A

Regulation of Gene Expression

20
Q

What are the mechanisms of non-receptor mediated drug-cell interaction?

A 
Through enzymes and Pumps
Through Ion Channels
Physical Activity
Chemical Interaction
Altering metabolic Processes
21
Q

What is the definition of the colligative effect?

A

Action depends on the number of molecules and ions in the particular area or found in the system

22
Q

What are the types of Chemical Interaction?

A

Neutralization
Chelation
Radioactivity
Radio Opacity

23
Q

Other than buffering, what is another action of neutralization?

A

Binds to certain drugs and decrease absorption of other drugs

24
Q

What is chelation?

A

Binding to divalent and heavy metal ions and forming complexes which can be excreted from the body

25
Q

What is the action of altering of metabolic process?

A

It counterfeits incorporation or is a fraudulent production mechanism wherein a certain substance or agent may become a structural analog of a normal body consitiuent which can then be incorporated in the cellular system and alter the action of the cell

26
Q

What is coupling?

A

Binding of the drug ligand to the receptor

27
Q

What are the effects of coupling?

A

Opening and closing of an ion channel
Activation of biochemical messengers
Physical inhibition of a normal cellular function
Turning On of a cellular function

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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