Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
What is Pharmacology?
Study of substances that can interact with living systems through chemical processes especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal responses
What is a drug?
A natural product, chemical substance, or pharmaceutical preparation to be used in the diagnosis or treatment of a disease
Where does a drug vary?
Molecular Size
Shape
Chemical Nature
What are the drug names?
Chemical Name
Non-Proprietary Name
Proprietary Name
What are Prototype Drugs?
They represent the most important characteristics of the class/ group of drugs
What are the branches of Pharmacology?
Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Biochemorphology Toxicology Posology Molecular Pharmacology Developmental Pharmacology Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacoeconomics Ethnopharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics
What is Pharmacy involved in?
Compounding preparation, collection, standardization and dispensing of drugs
What is Pharnacognosy involved in?
Study of the physical and chemical properties of the drugs with the description and identification of their sources and nature
What is Biochemorphology?
It is how the chemical structure of drug is related to physiological, biological and biochemical effects
What is Toxicology?
It studies the harmful effects of drugs and other chemicals on humans, animals and plants
What is Posology?
It deals with dosage of the drug required to produce a therapeutic response
What is Molecular Pharmacology?
It Studies the mechanism of action of a drug at the enzymatic level
What is Developmental Pharmacology?
It deals with drugs given to the mother as it affects the fetus during natal, prenatal, perinatal and neonatal periods
What is pharmacogenetics?
It studies the influence of heredity on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic response of the drug
What is Pharmacogenomics?
It describes the use of genetic information to guide the choice of drug therapy on an individual basis.
It also discovers which specific gene variations are associated with a good or poor therapeutic response to a particular drug
What is Pharmacoepidemiology?
It studies the response in population at a given time and space of the pharmacologic event whether they are adverse or beneficial with the use of measures of epidemiology
What is Pharmacoeconomics?
It studies the cost effectiveness of drug treatment
What is Ethnopharmacology?
It deals with the interethnic differences in response to or metabolism of chemical substances, and the presence or absence of enzymes in different regions of the Philippines or of different races
What is Clinical Pharmacology?
It deals with rational development of drugs, their safe and effective use, and other proper evaluations of drugs for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, alleviation or cure of a disease
What criteria does Clinical Pharmacology refer to in the rational use of drugs?
Efficacy
Safety
Suitability
Cost
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Fate of the drug in the body
What are the four processes of Pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is Pharmacodynamics?
Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action
What are the stages of drug manufacture?
Animal testing
FDA
Clinical Testing
What do you determine in Animal Testing?
Acute Toxicity: 1-2 week observation of animal
Subacute Toxicity: 2 weeks to 3 months
Chronic Toxicity: 6 months to 2 years
