Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

*Principals of Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

• what a drug does to the body*- how a drug interacts with a specific receptor and triggers a change in biological regulation

the biochemical, physiological, or clinical changes that occurer in response to a drug

Question 2

*How do drug interactions induce or inhibit a response?

Answer 2

Cells receive multiple stimulatory and inhibitory messages simultaneously–these are interpreted through second messengers

also, by the type of receptor they bind to (agonist or antagonist)

Question 3

*Importance of the receptor in drug selectivity

Answer 3

Mitigates side effects of the drug being used

Question 4

*Types of receptors

Answer 4

Transmembrane ion channels

Transmembrane receptor enzymes

GPCR

Cytosolic-nuclear receptors

Question 5

Types of Drug-receptor interactions

Answer 5

1. ) Agonists- activity is increased, leads to function in cell
2. ) Partial agonists- drug that cannot produce a full response regardless of concentration
3. ) Inverse agonists- activity decreased, can stabalize receptors in the inactive state
4. ) Competitive antagonists- binding to receptor does not initiate a response, compete w/ agonist for active site
5. ) Noncompetitive antagonists- drug binds receptor and does not produce an effect–allosteric sites: site other than active site that when bound blocks the agonist from binding to active site

Question 6

*Therapeutic Window Definition & Clinical application

Answer 6

def- doses of a drug which elicit a therapeutic response without toxicity

application- this is the range in which we want the steady state of a drug to remain, the drug is most effective and does not raise any potential threats in regards to toxicity to the body.

Question 7

*Therapeutic Index

Definition & Clinical application

Answer 7

Quantifies the therapeutic window, provides a relative safety margin of a drug

the greater the TI the safer the drug