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Clinical Med > Health Planning > Flashcards

Health Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Prevention

A

intend to avoid disease development

ex. aspirin, give to pt w/o heart disease to prevent stroke or MI

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2
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

attempt to diagnose and treat an already existing disease in early stages and possibly cure it.

ex. once they’ve had a stroke we give them aspirin

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3
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

treatments aim to slow disease prevention

ex. end stage CHF, medications given to make them feel better and prolong life, slow progression of disease

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4
Q

Top 10 causes of death in US (order)

A 
Heart Disease
Cancer
COPD
Unintentional Injuries
Stroke
Alzheimers Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Influenza & Pneumonia 
Renal Disease
Suicide
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5
Q

RISE what is it and why do we do it?

A

Done on yearly exams; preventative visit

R- risk assessment (heart disease, cancer, HIV, depression, etc.)

I- Immunizations dont forget about adults

S- Screening Tests

E- Education/counseling
-dental health, nurtition, exercise, weight management, injury prevention, contraception, mental health, etc.

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6
Q

Tools for preventative Health

A
  • education
    ex. breast and testicular exams, limit sun exposure, seat belts
  • screening
    ex. blood pressure, diabettes, Breast colon and prostate cancer
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7
Q

3 main categories of risk factors for disease

A

Genes, behaviors, environment

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8
Q

You can protect your health by altering your….

A

environment and behaviors

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9
Q

Knowing Family History helps w/ disease prevention by…

A

early prevention, early screening, and aggressive treatment

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10
Q

Risk factors for DM

A
  • family history
  • BMI >25
  • Race/Ethnicity (African-A, Native-A, Hispanic-A, Pacific islander-A, Asian-A
  • Age >45
  • HTN (>140/90)
  • HDL Cholesterol 250
  • History of GDM (gestational)
  • Hx of Macrosomia (birth to baby >10lbs
  • Polycystic Ovarian Disease
  • Previous Abnormal Screening
  • Physically inactive
  • Vascular Disease
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11
Q

DM Screening recommendations

A
  • BMI >/=25 + one or more risk factors
  • no risk factors and >45yo

depending on results screen q3yrs

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12
Q

Diabetes Screening Tests

A

A1C- measures amount of sugar that has attached to RBC, gives average of whats been going on past 3 mo.
*Normal /= 6.5%

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
*normal /= 100
Diabetes >/= 126

Oral glucose tolerance test

  • normal /= 140
  • diabetes >/= 200
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13
Q

Retesting DM

A

if results normal and no risk factors retest 3yrs

results normal + risk factor retest 1 year

results indicate per-diabeties retest yearly

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14
Q

Heart Disease Risk Factors

A
  • Atherosclerosis
  • diabetes
  • chronic kidney disease
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hypertension
  • smoking
  • overweight
  • excessive alcohol intake
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • advanced aging
  • diet high in sat fat, sugar and low in fruits and vegetables
  • abdominal obesity
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15
Q

Primary prevention for Heart disease?

A

ASPIRIN
men 45-79 heart attacks

women 55-79 ischemic stroke

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16
Q

Aspirin for primary prevention of Heart Disease may be changing….What types of factors would go into this decision making?

A

Bleeding disorders, asprin allergy, clotting disorders, old age, etc is when the risks outweigh the benefits of asprin.

Elderly are at greater risk for GI bleeds w/ asprin

17
Q

HTN leads to…(4)

A

Premature death
Heart Attack
Stroke
Chronic Kidney disease

18
Q

Hypertension BP #

A

150(140)/90
2 or more readings at least a week apart

**Can diagnose based upon diastolic or systolic alone.

19
Q

Hypertension Treatment

A
  • Lifestyle changes: decrease Na intake, etoh, increase K+, increase physical activity, weight loss, stress management, treatment of sleep apnea
  • Medications
20
Q

Screening Lipid Disorders

A

Routinely Screen men 35yo women 45yo

Routinely screen men 20-35 & women 20-45 if other risk factors present

screen q5yr? upper age 65?

21
Q

Leading Cause of preventable and premature death?

A

Tobacco Use

22
Q

Calculate # Pack Years

A

packs/day*(#yrs smoked)

*always round up w/ packs

23
Q

Tobacco Cessation Treatment

A
  • gradual scheduled decrease
  • nicotine replacement
  • medications
  • cessation programs, support groups
24
Q

CAGE questionnaire

& Scoring

A

used for alcoholism

C- ever felt you should CUT DOWN on drinking?

A- have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking?

G- have you felt GUILTY about your drinking?

E- have you ever had drink 1st thing in AM to steady nerves/get rid of hangover (EYE-OPENER)

Scoring: each answer YES = 1 point
* >2 excessive drinking and alcoholism

25
Q

6 Reasons for Sexual Hx

A
  • identify need for infection screening
  • assess risk of infection
  • assess risk of transmission of infection
  • assess risk of pregnancy
  • educate about sexual health
  • identify which clinical specimens need to be obtained
26
Q

How often should breast and testicular exams be performed? Starting at what age?

A

Monthly for both sexes.

Age 20 Women
Age 15 Men

27
Q

3 types of skin cancer

A

basal cell
squamous cell
melanoma- main cause is too much UV ray exposure

28
Q

Osteoporosis Risk Factors

A

Age, female, caucasian, low body weight, bilateral oophorectomy

29
Q

At what age do we screen Osteoporosis?

A

Women >/= 65
Men >/= 70

Screen younger if risk factors

30
Q

Breast Cancer

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/tests performed?
A

women +20yo

  • Self Breast Exam
  • Clinician Breast Exam
  • mammogram @ 40yo if no risk factors
31
Q

Colorectal Cancer

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/tests performed?
A

Men and women +50yo

  • Fecal occult blood test
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • Double Contrast Barium Enema
  • Colonoscopy
  • CT colonography
32
Q

Endometrial Cancer

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/tests performed?
A

Women at menopause

-counseling to report unusual symptoms of bleeding

33
Q

Lung Cancer

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/tests performed?
A

current/former smokers 55-80 in good health w/ at least 30pack year hx

low dose helical CT

  • Stop screening once 15y from quitting smoking
34
Q

Prostate Cancer

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/test performed?
A

Men 50+

Digital Rectal Examination
Prostate Specific Antigen

35
Q

Cancer Related Check-up

  • when do we screen?
  • what counseling/test performed?
A

Men and Women 20y+

Exam of thyroid, testicles or ovaries, lymph nodes, oral cavity, skin.

Prevention counseling (tobacco, sun exposure, diet, nutrition, risk factors, sexual practices, environmental and occupational exposures.)

Clinical Med (12 decks)

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