Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What is Plasma membrane
Fluid mosaic of phospholipids, proteins and carbs
A phospholipid is
Hydrophilic - top
Hydrophobic -bottom
What is protein
A cell signalling which is good for endocrine hormones
What are enzymes
Catalysing reactions - assist the neurone by change of message from outside in
Glycoproteins are
Sugars of the membrane
Identifies cells
What are the functions of cell membranes
Portions from high energy to low energy
Diffusion
What are ions
Voltage gated- different membrane potential
Ligand gated - binds to receptors
Intracellular ligand gated- the cell does something
Mechanically gated - molecule opens due to weight
What are carrier proteins
Substance moved across cell membrane by proteins, develop shape this effects how they work
What are Enzymes
Large protein made up of amino acid speeds up reaction
Substrate analogue inhibit and compete
Competitive inhibitors
What is analogue enzyme
Competitor inhibition that can be reversed
What is a False substrate
Breaks down substrate nil reaction
Target enzymes producing an abnormal response
What is conversion
(Prodrug)
Drug not in active form
Eg: codeine breaks down into morphine which is active drug
What is cyclooxygenase 1
Makes prostaglandins which protects gastric mucosa
What is cyclooxygenase 2
Present in the kidneys
Prostaglandin: heat, loss of function, redness
What is a metabotropic receptor
Ligand binds to g-receptor > activates second messenger > opens ion channel > initiates intracellular signalling cascade
What is a Inotropic ligand receptor
Works in milliseconds
Exciteable
Nicotinic acetocholine receptor
Nachr
What is a nicotinic receptor
Cholinergic
Ligand gated ion channel
acetocholine > binds to nicotinic receptor > opens channel > Na+ flow through
What is a Nicotinic N receptor
Ach > Nn > ligand > gates open > Na+ in > depolarisation > action potential
What is a Nicotinic Muscle
Depolarises the membrane > muscle contraction
What is a Nuclear receptor (intracellular)
Within the cell
Takes hrs/days to work
2 functions switch gene on or off
What is kinase
Enzyme
Transfer phosphate between amino acid
Activates a signal cellular response
Can take hours - think insulin
What is desensitisation
Effects of drugs desensitise with over useage
What is tachyphylaxis
Rapidly decreased response to drugs
What is Pharmacodynamics
What a drug does to the body
What is a zwitterion
Amino acids and proteins
Negative and positively charged
What is an agonist
Initiates a response
What is an antagonist
Inhibits blocks a response
What is a partial agonist
Can still activate a full response
What is RICE
RICE is the 4 main routes for drugs to work
