Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Plasma membrane

A

Fluid mosaic of phospholipids, proteins and carbs

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2
Q

A phospholipid is

A

Hydrophilic - top
Hydrophobic -bottom

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3
Q

What is protein

A

A cell signalling which is good for endocrine hormones

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4
Q

What are enzymes

A

Catalysing reactions - assist the neurone by change of message from outside in

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5
Q

Glycoproteins are

A

Sugars of the membrane
Identifies cells

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6
Q

What are the functions of cell membranes

A

Portions from high energy to low energy
Diffusion

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7
Q

What are ions

A

Voltage gated- different membrane potential
Ligand gated - binds to receptors
Intracellular ligand gated- the cell does something
Mechanically gated - molecule opens due to weight

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8
Q

What are carrier proteins

A

Substance moved across cell membrane by proteins, develop shape this effects how they work

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9
Q

What are Enzymes

A

Large protein made up of amino acid speeds up reaction
Substrate analogue inhibit and compete
Competitive inhibitors

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10
Q

What is analogue enzyme

A

Competitor inhibition that can be reversed

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11
Q

What is a False substrate

A

Breaks down substrate nil reaction
Target enzymes producing an abnormal response

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12
Q

What is conversion
(Prodrug)

A

Drug not in active form
Eg: codeine breaks down into morphine which is active drug

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13
Q

What is cyclooxygenase 1

A

Makes prostaglandins which protects gastric mucosa

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14
Q

What is cyclooxygenase 2

A

Present in the kidneys
Prostaglandin: heat, loss of function, redness

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15
Q

What is a metabotropic receptor

A

Ligand binds to g-receptor > activates second messenger > opens ion channel > initiates intracellular signalling cascade

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16
Q

What is a Inotropic ligand receptor

A

Works in milliseconds
Exciteable
Nicotinic acetocholine receptor
Nachr

17
Q

What is a nicotinic receptor

A

Cholinergic
Ligand gated ion channel
acetocholine > binds to nicotinic receptor > opens channel > Na+ flow through

18
Q

What is a Nicotinic N receptor

A

Ach > Nn > ligand > gates open > Na+ in > depolarisation > action potential

19
Q

What is a Nicotinic Muscle

A

Depolarises the membrane > muscle contraction

20
Q

What is a Nuclear receptor (intracellular)

A

Within the cell
Takes hrs/days to work
2 functions switch gene on or off

21
Q

What is kinase

A

Enzyme
Transfer phosphate between amino acid
Activates a signal cellular response
Can take hours - think insulin

22
Q

What is desensitisation

A

Effects of drugs desensitise with over useage

23
Q

What is tachyphylaxis

A

Rapidly decreased response to drugs

24
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics

A

What a drug does to the body

25
Q

What is a zwitterion

A

Amino acids and proteins
Negative and positively charged

26
Q

What is an agonist

A

Initiates a response

27
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Inhibits blocks a response

28
Q

What is a partial agonist

A

Can still activate a full response

29
Q

What is RICE

A

RICE is the 4 main routes for drugs to work