Cardiovascular Flashcards
How are anticoagulants activated
2 ways - clotting cascade
Intrinsic -
Extrinsic
What do anti platelets agents do
Stop platelets binding
What medications stop platelets sticking
Aspirin, clopidogrel, aboxiMAB
What are the only receptors able to be selective
Mabs - such as ApoxiMAB
What are the main types of diuretics
Thiazides - maintenance - Bendroflimethazide
Loop - Quick but check Egfr - furosemide
Potassium sparing - improves mortality - Spironalatone
What are the 2 main types of B receptors
Non selective - propanalol, Oxyprenolol block both
Cardiac selective - B blockers Afro in B1 receptors
Bisoprolol, atenolol
What are calcium channel blockers
Interfere with calcium entry to vascular smooth muscle, cause vasodilation
Nifedipine, diltiazem, Amlodipine, verapamil
What are ace inhibitors
Inhibit renin- angiotensin
Can cause hypotension on first dose
Cardioprotective effect
Ramipril, Captopril, Enalapril
What are angiotensin receptor blockers
Losartan, valsartan, canderartan,
Block AT1 receptors
What is Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside
Positive inotrope- negative chromosome
Positive inotrope - increase cardiac output
Inhibits Na+ and K+ ATPase pump leading to ^ intracellular calcium
What are the effects of Nitrates
Work by ^ nitric acid in blood, relax muscle via Cgmp
Vasodilation decrease cardiac output
Tolerance can occur rapid - tachphylaxis
B -blockers
Two types
Beta 1 > heart and blood vessels
Beta 2 > airways
Atenolol, Propanalol,
K+ channel openers do?
Cause smooth muscle to relax thus reducing cardiac output improving blood supply
Nicorandil > K+ in to cardiac myocytes > inhibits calcium
