pharmacodynamic (lecture 3) Flashcards
antibiotics can differentiate between mammalian & bacterial cells how ?
antibiotic target on cell wall(not availabile in mammalians’ )
example for a drug that change the
cell permeability
local anesthetics
(the time, where the drug will continue producing its therapeutic effects before it is dissipated ) is _____
Duration of action
if the dose effect/response curve showed no effect (y-axis = 0 ) it's \_\_\_\_\_ full effect \_\_\_\_\_
antagonist
agonist
measurement of the drug safety is ?
therapeutic index
antacids is acid/alkaline ?
alkaline
antibiotics works on inhibiting which part of cell ?
cell wall
if we increase the dose to the lethal dose what are the chances to happen ?
higher toxicity - higher risk of death
Types of ligands or drugs:
✓ Agonists
✓ Antagonists
✓ Partial agonists
some drugs target to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis what kind of drugs are they ?
- Anticancer drugs
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach we give him ?
antacids
relationship b/w therapeutic index - effectiveness-toxic produce ?
therapeutic index higher- low dose to
produce effectiveness- higher dose to produce toxicity
two types of receptors and give an example :
1- Ionotropic or ligand gated ion channel _nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
2- Metabotropic receptor -G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
non-comp antagonist moves the curve _________ and why/how it works ?
right down -because it binds the receptors permanently
the graph that shows the differences between the ligands called ?
dose effect/response curve.
antibiotics that kills 99% of the bacteria shows____ effect
AGONIST
How can the drug produce their effect? (that effect could be therapeutic effect or side effect) - What are the mechanisms that these drugs can produce the effect on the human being?
change the enzymatic activity
• Change cell membrane permeability.
• Combining with other chemicals. (ex. neutralizing chemicals)
• Inhibiting physiological function in the cell
• Replacement therapy
• Drug-receptor interaction. (the most common mechanism for many drugs)
very common mechanism action of
medication right now is ?
Drug can change the enzymatic activity
acetylcholinesterases used in which mechanism ?
change enzymatic activity
Replacement therapy is used in case ?
in case the patient has a deficiency in hermones/iron/vitamins
potency vs Efficacy (AvsB)
amount needed of a drug to produce an effect ___
maximum or ceiling effect of drugs _____
a
b
indictor of potency is ?
Kd
voltaren other name ?
diclofenac sodium
antagonists moves the curve ____ not ___?
right not downward
because the curve of the comp & non-comp go to the ____(right / left) the kb in there presense (increase/ decrease)?
right -increase
narrow therapeutic index is (favorable or not )?
no
Half-life is :
time needed to eliminate 50% of the drug from
the system through the kidney or through metabolism in general.
how local anesthetic works/what mechanism it works on ?
Local anesthetics can cross plasma membrane and go inside this
channel, and just block it, which means it will block any action potential that will
happen on that nerve. So that will change the membrane permeability. And thus, it will produce its effect./ change the perm
antacids are pills used for?
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach, due to gastritis or peptic ulcer.
Pharmacodynamics is
the effect of the drug on the body
pharmacokinetics tolerance or pharmacodynamic tolerance :
some drugs start to lose their effectiveness with time______
receptors will not be able to respond for this drug dose as it was responded for the first time _____
when the body(receptors) dont responed to drug as before it’s ____
when the drug losses its effectiveness with time ____
pharmacokinetics tolerance
pharmacodynamic tolerance
pharmacodynamic tolerance
pharmacokinetics tolerance
time needed for the drug to start producing its effects is :
Onset of action
Tolerance is
Decrease in intensity of response after repeated use /we needed a higher dose of a drug to produce the same effect of the original dose
