drugs and diseases Flashcards
drugs stimulate liver enzymes
rifampicin for TB
phenytoin for epilepsy
rifampicin drug for ?
TB
phenytoin drug for ?
epilepsy
drugs inhibet liver enzymes :
cimetidine for peptic
ulcer
erythromycin which is an antibiotic (macrolide)
cimetidine drug for
peptic ulcer
erythromycin drug is an
antibiotic (macrolide)
cimetidine drug for ?
ME enhancer or inhibitor
peptic ulcer
metabolism inhibitor
ciproflaxocin is ME enhancer or inhibitor
inhibitor
isonizide is ME enhancer or inhibitor
inhibitor
carbamezepine is ME enhancer or inhibitor
enhancer
phenobarbitone is ME enhancer or inhibitor
enhancer
phenytoin is ME enhancer or inhibitor
enhancer
Aspirin is anti____ and ____
antiplatelets as well as analgesic
warfarin is an ______
half life + why
anticoagulant drug
36h it binds protein in 99%
amoxicillin is a ____ its half life ___
dose per day ?
antibiotic
8h
3*/d
levodopa drug for ____ disease
half life ___
___ per day
parkinson
4h
6*
example for a drug that change the cell permeability
local anesthetics
some drugs target to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis what kind of drugs are they ?
- Anticancer drugs
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach we give him ?
antacids
other name for diclofenac sodium
voltaren
antacids are pills used for?
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach, due to gastritis or peptic ulcer.
asthma patient we give him ______agonist
and not ____ & _____ agonist
adrenergic
b blocker / ach
bethanochol
is _____ _/agonist
treats
ach agonist
post-operative GI paralysis of urinary retention (not mechanical obstruction)
post-operative GI paralysis of urinary retention we use
bethanochol
Sjogren’s syndrome treated by
Pilocarpine
glaucoma treated by (topically)
Pilocarpine
Pilocarpine
is _____ _/agonist
treats
ach agonist
orally in Sjogren’s syndrome & mouth dryness, topical in glaucoma
contraindication for ach agonist (Pilocarpine)
asthma SOPD obstruction GI peptic ulcer bradycardia cases
used for diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis
Edrophonium
Physostigmine is \_\_\_\_\_ _/agonist treats antidose for \_\_\_\_\_overdose BBB penetrate ?
ach agonist (indirect reversible)
constipation, urine retention (oral)
atopine
yes
constipation, urine retention cases we give _____ _/agonist : _______
ach agonist
Physostigmine
reverse surgery induced paralysis, paralytic ileus (oral\SC), atonic bladder, nasal spray + MG
treated by : _____ _/agonist : _______
ach agonist
neostigmine
Neostigmine (prototype)
is _____ _/agonist
treats
ach agonist
reverse surgery induced paralysis, paralytic ileus (oral\SC), atonic bladder, nasal spray + MG
________ Used in chronic management of Myasthenia gravis (oral), protection in chemical war
Pyridostigmine ( ach agonist)
Rivastigmine used for
delay the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease
only therapeutic use (of irreversible ach agonist ) is the drug ______
Echothiopate
Echothiopate treats
glaucoma
glaucoma treated
topically by____
locally ____
Pilocarpine
Echothiopate
Treat myasthenia gravis:
neostigmine, pyridostigmine orally
Alzheimer :
rivastigmine
BY ACH ANTIGGONIST diarrhea treated by
atopine
Atropine (prototype): - 1-Antidote for : 2-induce \_\_\_\_\_ during ophthalmic examination 3-treat \_\_\_\_cardia by \_\_\_\_\_ treat 4-Pre-anesthetic how / why ? 5-good for Parkinson disease how ?: . 6-what does it beneficial to GI
1- any cholinergic agonist
2-mydriasis
3-Bronchodilator in the lungs, causes Tachycardia in the heart
4-Reduce all secretions, bronchodilator, Anti-emetic
5-reduce involuntary movement & rigidity, control sialorrhea.
6-Antispasmodic in GI & treat diarrhea. Urine retention (treat urge incontinence in overactive bladder)
drug for Parkinson disease
atopine
drug control sialorrhea.
atopine
drug for COPD & asthma :
Ipratropium
prophylaxis in motion sickness :
Scopolamine
Tropicamide for
To dilate pupil
To decrease bladder overactivity
(oxybutynin)
drug for eye examination
atropine
why atropine cause dryness
because Tissues most sensitive to Atropine are the salivary, bronchial and sweat glands
Phenylephrine for?
induce mydriasis only without cycloplegic effect
The cause of death in atropine overdose is ?
hyperthemia ( due to decrease all secretions )
in bradycardia condition we use?
Atropine
in parkinson & dystonia diseases we use ?
benztropine
benztropine for
parkinson & dystonia diseases
one of atropine side effect is Seizures are controlled by
an antiseizure drug called diazepam
diazepam is ?
antiseizure drug
why physostigmine are given in small doses ?
because it has risk to cause paralysis or bradycardia which are life threatening
conditions.
situations in which we don’t want the patient to memorize something like their surgery we give him ?
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
in asthma and CODP cases we give
Ipratropium
Respiratory disorders we give
Ipratropium
Ophthalmologic Disorders: To dilate pupil we give
Tropicamide
Cardiovascular Disorders: Sinus bradycardia. we give
atropine
Anesthetic premedication
Scopolamine/Hyoscine, Atropine
To suppress gastric acid secretion
pirenzepine
Gastrointestinal Disorders: As antispasmodic
Scopolamine/Hyoscine
oxybutynin is used for
To decrease bladder overactivity
for Cholinergic Poisoning
atropine
Phentermine side effect
cardiovascular disorders like arrhythmia
→ patient suffer from benign prostate hyperplasia we give him
alpha 1 antagonist.
drug that
treat overactive bladders
decrease overreactive
mirabageron (adrenergic agonist)
oxybutynin (antiag ach)
drug that have amnesic effect
Scopolamine
Prevention of motion sickness
(Hyoscine)Scopolamine
phenylephrine is ____ _/agonist
used for ?
adrenergic agonist
nasal decongestion
alpha 1 blocker drugs used for ?
treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
clonidine is ____ _/ agonist for ?
hypertension treatment
yohimbine is ____ _/ agonist for___?
alpha2 antagonist
→ research drugs
_______receptor stimulation will increase renin release
beta 1
_____ blocker should be avoided in patients suffering from bronchial asthma
beta
_______ receptor + drug used in the management of bronchial asthma
beta 2 agonist (aulbutamol -salmetrol formetrol )
_____ blocker should be avoided in patients suffering from bronchial asthma
beta2
Dobutamine is ____agonist for
beta 1
cardiogenic shock
_______ for ADHD children
Amphetamine
cocaine is ?
for?
indirect adrenergic receptor
for local anesthetic
local VasoContraction
Patients can't be treated by local anesthesia with epinephrine are patients suffering from: Tachycardia (heart rate exceeds the normal), hypertension and angina so we give them ?
plain local anesthetic drug
indication as dentistry for epinephrine is
Gingival retraction cords: (gingivectomy)
local anesthetic
anaphylaxis(as antihistamine)
The usage of neuromuscular blockers:
- During surgery complete muscle relaxation __recover quickly and completely after surgery
- to give less dose than that needed for general anesthesia thus reducing its risk for respiratory and CVS depression.
- In facilitating intubation.
- Endotracheal intubation
list the drugs can be delivered via endotracheal intubation
NAVEL (adults) -LANE Naloxone Lidocaine Atropine Atropine Vasopressin Naloxone Epinephrine Epinephrine Lidocaine succinylcholine
Naloxone can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
Lidocaine can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
Vasopressin can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
NAVEL can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
pancuranium is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _/agonist \_\_\_\_\_ blocker \_\_\_ \_\_/polarizing action ? over come by ? direct / indirect nicotinic receptor?
competetive antagonist NM non DEpolarizing inhibit muscular contraction. Without receptor stimulation _ paralysis increadirectsing Ach
dantrolene used for ?
decreasing the calcium level
succinylchole side effects can be over come by ?
dantrolene & Cooling of the patient
succinylcholine causes a apnea in which case ?
AChE deficiency
succinylcholine SIDE EFFECT ?
apnea(AChE deficient patient) & Malignant hyperthermia
succinylcholine onset of action ?why ?
5min because of AChE
succinylcholine is an \_\_\_\_\_ _/agonist \_\_\_\_ blocker / enhancer \_\_\_ depolarizing action on nicotic receptor
competitive
NM
-
shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants.
Therapeutic use of succinylcholine ?
➢ Endotracheal intubation.
➢ commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy
drug that decrease the release of acetylcholine
• Botulinum toxin
ex for Selective α1 agonists
Phenylephrine
_______drug for urine relaxant & asthma
Salbutamol
Salbutamol is _____ _/agonist
b1 agonist
for treatment of opioid withdrawal ?
lofexidine
captagon causes ?
CVS disorders like ventricular fibrillation and cerebral hemorrhage.
Captagon is made of الكبت
fenethylline and amphetamine
for esophageal varices we use
propranolol+ nadolol
for Infantile hemangiomas ?
propranolol
The side effect of Beta- blockers:{5}
1- Bronchoconstriction.
2- Hypotension, Bradycardia.
3- Cold extremities because they decrease blood flow to the
extremities by decreasing outflow of the heart.
4- Nightmares, vivid dreams.
5- Masking symptoms of hypoglycemia. (All symptoms except
sweating).
6- Prolongation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.7- Fatigue (DUE TO reduce CO).
How the B-blockers masking symptoms of hypoglycemia?
- Beta blocker will lead to hypoglycemia (decrease glucose level).
- Diabetes patient with hypoglycemia will feel this by sympathetic symptoms (tachycardia,
tremor, sweating, palpitation), beta blocker will mask all hypoglycemia symptoms except
sweating (because sweat glands have muscarinic receptor).
- Drugs that lead to hypoglycemia are
insulin or oral sulfonylurea.
cardioselective beta blocker is ?
Atenolol
_______ used for Stable angina / diabetic hypertensive patients who are receiving insulin or oral antidiabetic agent
Atenolol
Timolol skip
atenolol
Timolol is
selective/non ______ agonist/antagonist
used for
Nonselective, blocks B1and B2
local use in the eye because it lacks local anesthetic properties.
open-angle glaucoma.
- It reduces aqueous humor production through blockage of β receptors on the ciliary epithelium
the diuretic drug that it is use in initial therapy or hypertension is ?
thiazides diuretics
in severe HTN combination drug of ?
sympathoplegic , Angiotensin antagonist & vasodilator drugs
respond to thiazide diuretics reduce the blood pressure within about
4-6w
side .E of thiazide diuretics?[5]
Cause electrolyte imbalance ❑ Hyper-uricemia. (At high dose). ❑ Hyperglycemia.( At high dose) ❑ Hypokalemia. ❑ Hypercalcemia
case of using loop Diuretics
when fluid overload in the body such as pulmonary edema→ the cause it heart failure
S.E of loop diuretics :[3]
Hypocalcaemia. (inhibit Ca2+ reabsorption)
Hypokalemia.
Ototoxicity: transient and occur with rapid IV infusion
Hypokalemia (cause by loop and thiazide) increases the risk of
drug-induced ventricular tachycardia
the risk for ischemic ventricular fibrillation
the leading cause of sudden cardiac death
major contributor to cardiovascular mortality in treated hypertensive patients.
Hypokalemia needs to be avoided
how ?
combining a thiazide with inhibitors of the RAS or with a K+-sparing diuretic
Favorable indication for thiazide:
❑ HTN with osteoporosis.
❑ HTN with recurrent renal stones.
Thiazides are sometimes useful in the prevention of calcium-containing kidney stones
Favorable indication for loop:
Fluid overload: heart failure ,renal disease -pulmonary edema
______diuretics are commonly used in HTN
thiazide
gynecomastia in males and menstrual irregularities in females is a side effect of _____ drug
Spironolactone
______ is recommended therapy for hypertension when concomitant heart disease is present ( stable angina, SVT, post MI)
β blockers
Cardio-selective beta blockers: are _____ blocker
beta 1
Cardio-selective beta blockers are used for asthma patient
metoporolol
atelol
nebivolol
patients with hypertension and heart failure we use
metoprolol
Tenormin + diuretic Thiazide combined in a pill as ?
Tenoretic
beta blocker Favorable indication:
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Essential tremor
- Migraine
in Essential tremor we use ____ _/agonist
beta antagonist
Verapamil+ B-Blocker causes ? may lead to ?
-ve inotropic and chronotropic effects.
This canlead to cardiac arrest
some patients bradykinin can lead to angioedema that can be treated by ?
Ep
first-line in hypertensive diabetic patients is ?
ACEi/ARB
hibiscus tea is very similar to ____ drugs as ____
ACEi
captopril/enalopril
for hypertension and angina we use
CCD drugs
The most common tocolytic agents used for the treatment of preterm labor
- Nifedipine(Dihydropyridine)
to treat angina and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and prophylaxis of migraine and cluster headaches
Verapamil (Non-dihydropyridine)
drug may cause gingival hyperplasia
Nifedipine
treatment of mild-moderate hypertension in pregnancy
methyldopa
When the patient is having resistant hypertension we give him
Clonidine
Treatment of hypertension complicated by ___disease
renal
