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pharmacology dentistry > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-muscarinic drugs

A
  1. Atropine (Prototype)
  2. Scopolamine (hyoscine)
  3. Ipratropium
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2
Q

Why does Atropine cause mydriasis

A

atropine blocks the Muscarinic
receptor (which means it blocks the parasympathetic innervation) in the eye and the
sympathetic innervation remains active. This, in turn, will cause dilation of the pupils
which can be used for eye examination

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3
Q

drug for eye examination

A

atropine

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4
Q

why atropine cause dryness

A

because Tissues most sensitive to Atropine are the salivary, bronchial and sweat glands

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5
Q

eye result over taking atropine (4)

A
  1. Mydriasis of the eye
  2. Cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation; inability to focus on close objects, blurred
    vision)
  3. Dry eye (sandy eye) due to the effects on the lacrimal gland.
  4. Photophobia (no response of the eye).
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6
Q

If I want to induce mydriasis only without cycloplegic effect we use ?

A

Phenylephrine

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7
Q

Despite its function as a Broncho dilator, Atropine is usually not used to
treat Lung diseases why ?

A

more selective drug that targets M3

receptor which is Ipratropium bromide

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8
Q

The cause of death in atropine overdose is ?

A

hyperthemia ( due to decrease all secretions )

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9
Q

in bradycardia condition we use?

A

Atropine

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10
Q

Side effects of anti-muscarinic medications

A
  • Constipation, blurred vision, xerostomia (dryness of the mouth), hyperthermia, flushing,
    dryness of the skin, urinary retention, confusion at high doses.
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11
Q

in parkinson & dystonia diseases we use ?

A

benztropine

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12
Q

one of atropine side effect is Seizures are controlled by

A

an antiseizure drug called diazepam

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13
Q

Scopolamine (hyoscine) is given in ?

A

situations in which we don’t want the patient to memorize something like their surgery

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14
Q

situations in which we don’t want the patient to memorize something like their surgery we give him ?

A

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

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15
Q

why physostigmine are given in small doses ?

A

because it has risk to cause paralysis or bradycardia which are life threatening
conditions.

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16
Q

diazepam is ?

A

antiseizure drug

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17
Q

Ipratropium used for

A

asthma and CODP

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18
Q

Respiratory disorders we give

A

Ipratropium

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19
Q

Tropicamide for

A

Ophthalmologic Disorders: To dilate pupil

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20
Q

Cardiovascular Disorders: Sinus bradycardia. we use

A

atropine

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21
Q

Anesthetic premedication

A

Scopolamine/Hyoscine, Atropine

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22
Q

in Cholinergic Poisoning we use

A

atropine

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23
Q

oxybutynin is used for

A

To decrease bladder overactivity

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24
Q

To suppress gastric acid secretion

A

pirenzepine

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25
Q

Gastrointestinal Disorders: As antispasmodic

A

Scopolamine/Hyoscine

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26
Q

Phentermine side effect

A

cardiovascular disorders like arrhythmia

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27
Q

→ patient suffer from benign prostate hyperplasia we give him

A

alpha 1 antigonist

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28
Q

Glucose level will be increased by

A
  1. Β2 stimulation at the liver will lead to Glycogenlysis.

2. α2 stimulation will inhibit insulin release.

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29
Q

we management of hypertension by _____ agonist

A

alpha 2

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30
Q

Anti-muscarinic drugs do have little or no action at:

A
  1. Skeletal neuromuscular junctions
  2. Autonomic ganglia
  3. Adrenal medulla
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31
Q

Anti-muscarinic drugs are competitive antagonists for the binding of ACH (acetylcholine) to the M (muscarinic) receptors. These drugs are:(3)

A
  1. Atropine (Prototype)
  2. Scopolamine (hyoscine)
  3. Ipratropium
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32
Q

Another name for Atropine is

A

Hyoscyamine

33
Q

Atropine is extracted from

A

the plant

Atropa belladonna

34
Q

atropine affect on GIT: -

A

Relaxes smooth muscles → Decrease peristalsis movement → Constipation and
antispasmodic effect.

35
Q

Anti-emetic effect found in ?

A

Scopolamine

36
Q

Atropine overdose management for:

  • Hyperthermia is controlled by:
  • Seizures are controlled by:
  • severe tachycardia or sever
A

cooling blankets.
an antiseizure drug called diazepam.
physostigmine

37
Q

drug that have amnesic effect

A

Scopolamine

38
Q

Prevention of motion sickness

A

(Hyoscine)Scopolamine

39
Q

To decrease bladder overactivity

A

oxybutynin

40
Q

drug used for cardiac arrest

A

(epinephrine) + dobutamine

41
Q

drug for cardiogenic shock

A

dopamine dobutamine or norepinephrine

42
Q

drug for asthma attack

A

(beta 2 agonist)

or ach antagonist ( ipratropium )

43
Q

for anaphylactic shock or allergic reactions

A

(epinephrine intramuscular)

44
Q

Alpha 1 action ?

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • Increased peripheral resistance.
  • increased blood pressure.
  • Mydriasis (available at radial muscle).
  • Closure of internal sphincter of the bladder (urinary retention).
45
Q

patient suffer from benign prostate hyperplasia

A

alpha 1 antagonist

46
Q 
Alpha 2 action on:
NE
ACh
insulin
platelets
A
  • inhibition of norepinephrine release.
  • inhibition of ACh release.
  • inhibition of insulin release (at pancreatic cell).
  • enhancement of platelet aggregation
47
Q

id we want to decrease blood pressure so we use ____ in management of hypertension.

A

alpha 2agonist

48
Q

alpha 1 agonist drugs used for ?

A

nasal decongestion

treat ophthalmic hyperemia.

49
Q

phenylephrine used for

A

nasal decongestion

50
Q

phenylephrine is ____ _/agonist

used for ?

A

adrenergic agonist

nasal decongestion

51
Q

alpha 1 blocker drugs used for ?

A

treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

HTN

52
Q

clonidine is ____ _/ agonist for ?

A

alpha 2

hypertension treatment

53
Q

yohimbine is ____ _/ agonist for___?

A

alpha 2 antagonist

→ research drugs

54
Q

Beta 1 available in heart and its stimulation will:

A
  • increase the heart rate (positive Chronotropy )
  • Increase force contraction ( positive Intropy)
  • Increase AV conduction ( positive dromotropic )
55
Q

_______receptor stimulation will increase renin release

A

beta 1

56
Q

_____ blocker should be avoided in patients suffering from bronchial asthma

A

beta2

57
Q

_______ receptor + drug used in the management of bronchial asthma

A

beta 2 (aulbutamol -salmetrol formetrol )

58
Q

drug for
management of
cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

59
Q

Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists drugs

A
  1. Catecholamine (Epinephrine// Norepinephrine// Dopamine// Isoprotereno)
  2. Phenylephrine (a1)
  3. Clonidine.(a2)
  4. Dobutamine(beta1)
60
Q

Indirect-Acting Adrenergic Agonists drugs

A
  1. cocaine.

2. Amphetamine

61
Q

Amphetamine used for

A

ADHD children

62
Q

cocaine is ?for?

A

indirect adrenergic receptor
for local anesthetic
local VasoContraction

63
Q

why Non-catecholamines have Longer half-lives

A

because they aren’t inactivated by COMT or MAO

64
Q

Non-catecholamines example

A

Phenylephrine
clondine
dobutamine

65
Q

panadol Cold + flu and non-drowsy

used on it

A

Phenylephrine

66
Q 
Patients can't be treated by local anesthesia with epinephrine are patients 
suffering from: 
Tachycardia (heart rate 
exceeds the normal), 
hypertension and angina
so we give them ?
A

plain local anesthetic drug

67
Q

indication as dentistry for epinephrine is

A

Gingival retraction cords: (gingivectomy)
local anesthetic
anaphylaxis(as antihistamine)

68
Q

The usage of neuromuscular blockers:

A
  • During surgery complete muscle relaxation __recover quickly and completely after surgery
  • to give less dose than that needed for general anesthesia thus reducing its risk for respiratory and CVS depression.
  • In facilitating intubation.
  • Endotracheal intubation
69
Q

Naloxone can be given via ?

A

endotracheal intubation

70
Q 
pancuranium is 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _/agonist
\_\_\_\_\_ blocker
\_\_\_ \_\_/polarizing
action ?
over come by ?
direct / indirect nicotinic receptor?
A 
competetive antagonist
NM 
non DEpolarizing
inhibit muscular contraction. Without receptor stimulation _ paralysis 
increasing Ach
direct
71
Q 
succinylcholine is an 
\_\_\_\_\_ _/agonist
\_\_\_\_ blocker / enhancer
\_\_\_ depolarizing 
action on nicotic receptor
A

competitive
NM
-
shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants.

72
Q

succinylcholine onset of action ?why ?

A

5min because of AChE

73
Q

succinylcholine SIDE EFFECT ?

A

apnea(AChE deficient patient) & Malignant hyperthermia

74
Q

succinylcholine causes a apnea in which case ?

A

AChE deficiency

75
Q

succinylchole side effects can be over come by ?

A

dantrolene & Cooling of the patient

76
Q

dantrolene used for ?

A

decreasing the calcium level

77
Q

Therapeutic use of succinylcholine ?

A

➢ Endotracheal intubation.

➢ commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy

78
Q

drug that decrease the release of acetylcholine

A

• Botulinum toxin

pharmacology dentistry (14 decks)

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