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Board Review > Pharmaceuticals > Flashcards

Pharmaceuticals Flashcards

1
Q

What are ARBs? and their Side Effects?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - Used for Hypertension

SI: hyperkalemia (high potassium)

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2
Q

What do ARBs ends with?

A

-sartan family
Losartan
Candesartan
Valsartan
Olmesartan

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3
Q

What are Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

used for Supra Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertension
- Inhibits calcium ions moving into cardiac muscle cells
- Reduces contractility of cells, relaxes vascular smooth muscle reduces blood pressure.

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4
Q

What do CCB drugs end with?

A

-ipine
Amlod ipine
Nicard ipine
Niferd ipine
Ranolo- zine
Diltiazem

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5
Q

What are ACE Inhibitors? and their Side Effects?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
(hypertension, CHF, DM nephropathy)
- lowers BP & stress on HT
- Retains K so check levels

SI: dry cough

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6
Q

What do ACE inhibitors name end with?

A

-pril
Captopril, Enalapril
Lisinopril
Quinapril

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7
Q

What are Peripheral Acting Agents?

A

Blocks the lfow of K across cell membrane.
-vasodilation & hypotension

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8
Q

What are DRI? and what do they do?

A

Direct Renin Inhibitors
- hypertension
- inhibits renin, controls first rate limiting step of RAAS

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9
Q

What are Statins used for? & drug names?

A

Cholesterol - inhibits enzyme responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis
SI: GI upset & headache (Take at night when cholesterol is formed)
Atrovastatin (lipitor)
Lovastatin (ltocor, mevacor)
Rosuvastin (Crestor)

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10
Q

What are Leukotriene Inhibitors & their drug name?

A

Asthma - increase edema, mucus, vascular permeability
-lukast
- Monte-lukast
Zafir -lukast
Zileuton

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11
Q

What are corticosteroid? & drug names

A

Anti-inflammatory agents that supress the immune response
- one family
Fluticasone, beclomethasone, hydrocortisone

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12
Q

What are Antihistamines? drug names? Side Effects?

A

Allergic reactions, nausea, vertigo, insomnia
- ine
Cetiriz ine
Clemast ine
Hydroxyz ine
Loratad ine
Promethaz ine

SI: Dry mouth, drying of URT mucosa, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention

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13
Q

What are Bronchodilators for? & drug names
Side Effects

A

Asthma, relaxes smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles, increases airway diameter

Albuter -ol
Isoproteren ol
Salmeter ol
Ipratropium
Terbutaline

SI: tremors, anxiety, convulsion, tachycardia, headache, BP

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14
Q

What are Anticholinergic?

A

COPD
- dissolve clots already formed by binding to the clot protein formed by fibrin

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15
Q

What are Mast Cell Stabilizers?

A

Cromolyn Sodium
Nedocromil

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16
Q

What are Antitussives?

A

Cold & coughs
- Coughing clears airways of excess secretions & foreign materials

17
Q

What are Mucolytics?

A

COPD
- reduces blood clots

18
Q

What are decongestants? and drug names

A

Increases HR & BP, promotes drainage, improves nasal ventilation, relieves stuffiness

19
Q

What are Antacids used for? And Drug names

A

GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Stomach acids irritating the esophagus lining

Al-OH Aluminum Hydroxide
Al-Oh-Mg-Oh simethicone
Mg-OH Magenesium Hydroxide

20
Q

What are the following drug family used for:
-sartan family
Losartan
Candesartan
Valsartan
Olmesartan

A

ARB - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
- Hypertension

21
Q

What are the following drug family used for:
-ipine
Amlod ipine
Nicard ipine
Niferd ipine
Ranolo- zine
Diltiazem
Verapamil

A

CCB - Calcium Channel Blocker
- High Blood Pressure
- Hypertension / Tachycardia
- Raynaud’s

22
Q

What are the 3 types of Antidepressants?

A

SSRI
MAO
Tricyclic Antidepressant

23
Q

What do SSRI do and drug names?

A

Antidepressant
- decrease the reuptake of serotonin at selected nerve terminals in the CNS
- weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine

24
Q

What doe MAO do and name some drug names?

A

Antidepressant
- Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Doxepin
Buproprion
Fluxotine (Prozac)
Sertraline (Zoloft)

25
Q

What do Beta BLockers do? And name some

A

Hypertension / Thyroid Storm / Hyperthyroidism

Propranolol
Atenolol
Timolol
Metaporlol (lopressor)

26
Q

What are NSAID for and what are some of their names?

A

Relieve pain, reduce inflammation and lower high temperature.

SI:
indigestion
stomach ulcers
headaches
drowsiness
dizziness
allergic reactions

27
Q

What are some of the NSAID drugs?

A

ibuprofen
naproxen
diclofenac
celecoxib
mefenamic acid
etoricoxib
indomethacin
aspirin for pain relief

28
Q

What are Diuretics used for? and SI?

A

Treating edema involving fluid volume excess

SI: irregular heart beat, weak pulse, orthostatic hypotension, tinnitus

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