HBKIM - ORTHO - biomed Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip?
- Ball and socket
- Hinged
- Pivot
- Gliding
Ball and socket
musculo1
What does FABERE {Patrick’s test) test for?
- Hip joint dysfunction
- Gluteus medius weakness
- Femoral nerve irritation
- lliotibial band tightness
Hip joint dysfunction
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What is the test to check for contraction of the iliotibial band?
- Thompson’s test
- Painful arc test
- Ober test
- Yergason’s test
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Thomson’s Test - Archille’s Tendon
Painful Arc Test - Impingement of supraspinatus
Ober Test - tight or inflamed IT band
Yergason’s - Assess for bicipital tendonitis
How do you measure for leg length discrepancy?
- Anterior superior iliac spine {ASlS) to lateral malleolus
- Posterior superior iliac spine {PSlS) to lateral malleolus
- ASlS to medial malleolus
- PSlS to medial malleolus
- ASlS to medial malleolus
musculo1
All of the following are true about piriformis syndrome except:
- The sciatic nerve may be involved because the nerve runs through the piriformis muscle fibers
- Pain may be in lateral buttock, posterior hip and thigh, sciatica-like pain
- Pain with flexion, abduction, and external rotation
-Pain may be exacerbated by walking up stairs or prolonged sitting
- Pain with flexion, abduction, and external rotation
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Adduction & Internal Rotation
Which of the following is false about hip dislocation?
The most common type is anterior hip dislocation
Sciatic nerve may be stretched or compressed during posterior hip dislocations
Femoral nerve may be injured during anterior hip dislocation
Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of hip dislocations
The most common type is anterior hip dislocation
(posterior hip dislocation)
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What is the most common type of hip fracture?
Subcapital
Transcervical
lntertrochanteric
Subtrochanteric
lntertrochanteric
musculo1
Which is NOT an anterior bursa of the knee?
Prepatellar bursa
Pes anserine bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Suprapatellar bursa
Pes anserine bursa
musculo1
What is located at the attachment of the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, and the medial collateral ligament?
Baker’s cyst
Pes anserine bursa
Posterior bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Pes anserine means:
Goose foot
Chicken foot
Frog foot
Goose foot
musculo1
Housemaid’s knee is a condition that’s also known as:
Suprapatellar bursitis
lnfrapatellar bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis
Pes anserine bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis
musculo1
A type of fluid collection behind the knee also known as:
Baker’s cyst
housemaid knee
Pes anserine bursitis
Baker’s cyst
musculo1
What forms the medial malleolus?
Talus and calcaneus
Distal tibia
Distal fibula
Cuneiform bones
Distal tibia
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What forms the lateral malleolus?
Distal tibia
Distal fibula
Talus
Navicular
Distal fibula
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What is the location of the lnfluential point of marrow? (TWO ANSWERS)
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the tibia
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the tibia
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the fibula
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the fibula
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the fibula
3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the fibula
Which ligament is the weakest of the ankle ligaments?
Deltoid ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
musculo1
Yuan-source point of Foot Shaoyang channel is located near which of the following ligament?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
musculo1
Which ligament stabilizes the medial ankle?
Posterior talofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
musculo1
Which of the following grade of sprain needs immobilization?
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 3
What’s the difference between a Strain and a Sprain?
Strain - Injury to muscle or tendon
Sprain - injury to ligament
Which one of the following terms is used most correctly?
Bone sprain
Ligament strain
Tendon sprain
Muscle strain
Muscle strain
The patellar tendon reflex assesses which nerve root?
L1
L4
L5
S1
L4
The Achilles reflex assesses which nerve root?
L4
LS
S1
S3
S1
C5 and C6 nerve root can be assessed by which of the following reflex test?
Biceps reflex
Brachioradialis reflex
Triceps reflex
Patella reflex
Biceps reflex
The triceps deep tendon reflex is a reflex as it elicits involuntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle. lt is initiated by the Cervical spinal nerve ____ nerve root.
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
C) 7
What is each connected to?
Tendon
Ligament
Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Ligament - connects bone to bone
The C8 nerve emerges the C7 vertebra
Above
Below
below
musculo1
What is the normal range of motion for hip flexion in adults?
0-180 degrees
45-90 degrees
0-30 degrees
0-120 degrees
0-120
musculo2
Which of the following is NOT a joint of the pelvic girdle?
Femoroacetabular (hip) joint
The pubic symphysis
Bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joints
Lumbosacral joint
Lumbosacral joint
musculo2
What are the signs of a positive Trendelenburg test?
When the pelvis on the unsupported side stays the same height
When the pelvis on the unsupported side is elevated slightly
When the pelvis on the unsupported side descends
When the pelvis on the supported side stays level
When the pelvis on the unsupported side descends
musculo2
What is the pathophysiology behind avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
Sepsis
Crystalline deposits
Interruption of the vascular supply
Friction
Interruption of the vascular supply
musculo2
What is not true about hip fractures?
Females are more likely than males to sustain a hip fracture
Most common underlying cause is weakened bone from metastatic disease
Approximately 25% of patients over age 50 with hip fractures die within 1 year
About 50% of hip fracture patients require some form of assistive device
Most common underlying cause is weakened bone from metastatic disease
musculo2
Normal range of motion for the knee is:
0-90 degrees
0-135 degrees
10-30 degrees
0-180 degrees
0-135 degrees
musculo2
A hamstring is one of the three posterior thigh muscles in between the hip and the knee. The hamstrings are quite susceptible to injury. Which of the following muscles does NOT compose the hamstring?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
musculo2
The hamstrings play a crucial role in many daily activities such as walking, running, jumping, and controlling some movement in the trunk. In walking, they are most important as an antagonist to the quadriceps in the deceleration of knee extension. What is the function of hamstring muscle group?
Extend the hip, Extend the knee
Flex the hip, Flex the knee
Extend the hip, Flex the knee
Flex the hip, Extend the knee
Extend the hip, Flex the knee
musculo2
Which of the following points is located on the medial side of the popliteal fossa, between the tendons of Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus?
He-Sea point of Foot Taiyang
He-Sea point of Foot Shaoyin
He-Sea point of Foot Jueyin
He-Sea point of Foot Taiyin
He-Sea point of Foot Shaoyin
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Quadriceps femoris Muscle, large fleshy muscle group covering the front and sides of the thigh. Which of the following is NOT part of the Quadriceps femories?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Biceps femoris
Biceps femoris
musculo2
Which muscle is a knee flexor?
Rectus femoris
Biceps femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Biceps femoris
musculo2
Which muscle is a knee extensor?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Vastus intermedius
Biceps femoris
Vastus intermedius
musculo2
Which muslce is a hip flexor?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
musculo2
The gastrocnemius muscle is supplied by which nerve?
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve
Tibial nerve
musculo2
Which of the following points is located directly below the belly of m. gastocnemius, on the line joing BL40 and the tendo calcaneous, about 8 cun below BL40?
UB55
UB56
UB57
UB58
UB57
musculo2
The “Unhappy triad”, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an injury to the:
Medial meniscus + Lateral menisus + ACL
ACL + MCL + Medial meniscus
ACL + PCL + Lateral meniscus
ACL + MCL + PCL
ACL + MCL + Medial meniscus
musculo2
Which ligament of the spine resists extension?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum and facet joint capsule
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments
Anterior longitudinal ligament
musculo2
Which test helps determine if a patient has an anterior cruciate ligament injury?
McMurray’s test
Apley grind test
Lachman test
Bakody’s test
Lachman test
musculo2
What is the medical term for “knock-kneed”?
Genu varum
Genu valgum
Genu recurvatum
Genu anterium
Genu valgum
musculo2
Which meniscus is more circular?
Medial meniscus
Anterior meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Posterior meniscus
Lateral meniscus
musculo2
Which of the following test(s) are used to determine the presence of a meniscal tear within the knee?
McMurray test
Apley compression test
Lachman test
A and B
A and B
musculo2
What the normal range of motion for plantar flexion of the ankle?
5 degrees
20 degrees
50 degrees
90 degrees
B and C
50 degrees
An Achilles tendon injury is most likely to occur with what action?
Sudden pivoting
Internal rotation of the ankle
Abruptly starting a sprint
Walking uphill
Abruptly starting a sprint
musculo2
Where is the most common location of an Achilles tendon rupture?
At the attachment to the calcaneus
At the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius
2-5 cm proximal to tendon insertion at calcaneus
Near the soleus
2-5 cm proximal to tendon insertion at calcaneus
musculo2
Which is not a characteristic of plantar fasciitis?
Affects females more than males
Tenderness over lateral aspect of the heel
Pain is worse in the morning
Heel spurs may contribute to the etiology
Tenderness over lateral aspect of the heel
musculo2
Most common site of a Morton’s neuroma is:
The first intermetatarsal space
The second intermetatarsal space
The third intermetatarsal space
The fourth intermetatarsal space
The third intermetatarsal space
musculo3
Structures passing through the carpal tunnel into the hand include:
Five finger flexor tendons
The ulnar nerve
The median nerve
The radial nerve
The median nerve
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Test(s) to evaluate for shoulder impingement syndrome include:
Hawkins-Kennedy sign
Speed test
Neer sign
Answers A and C
Answers A and C
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Shoulder impingement may result from:
Extrinsic compression (bone spurring or tendon edema)
Loss of competency of the rotator cuff
Loss of competency of scapula stabilizing muscles
All of the above
All of the above
musculo3
O’Brien’s test evaluates for:
Labral abnormalities
Bicipital tendinitis
Stability of the glenohumeral joint
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Labral abnormalities
Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder:
Results from thickening and contraction of the capsule around the glenohumeral joint
Is more commonly seen in middle-aged women
Has risk factors including diabetes
All of the above
All of the above
What is the most common cause of adhesive capsulitis?
Diabetes
Female gender
Hypothyroidism
Idiopathic
Idiopathic
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Which of the following is NOT the articulations of the elbow joint?
Ulnohumeral
Radiocapitellar
Proximal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar
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Tennis elbow typically:
Is an acute lesion, lasting less than a few weeks
Presents with pain and tenderness over the medial epicondyle
Does not affect grip strength
Can occur as a result of a tennis backhand stroke
Can occur as a result of a tennis backhand stroke
musculo3
Cozen’s Test
Golfer’s Elbow
Medial epicondylitis
Tennis Elbow
Lateral epicondylitis
Medial epicondylitis
musculo3
What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
Anterior
What is the most common type of hip dislocation?
Anterior
Posterior
Posterior
Which of the following is relevant to the complications of shoulder dislocation?
Bankart lesion
Hill-Sachs lesion
Rotator cuff tear
Injury to the axillary nerve
All of the above
All of the above
Bankart lesion - injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum
Hill-Sachs lesion - Posterolateral humeral head compression fracture
Hill-Sachs lesion of the shoulder:
May be associated with posterior dislocations
May cause shoulder instability if it accounts for 10% of the articular surface
Is a compression fracture of the posterolateral aspect of humeral head caused by abutment against the anterior rim of the glenoid fossa
Is evaluated by Speed’s test
Is a compression fracture of the posterolateral aspect of humeral head caused by abutment against the anterior rim of the glenoid fossa
musculo3
Which of the following test is used to test the integrity of the glenohumeral joint capsule, or to assess glenohumeral instability in an anterior direction?
Apprehension test
Thomas’s test
Ober’s test
Thompson’s test
Apprehension test
Rotator cuff tears are characterized by:
Symptoms similar to rotator cuff tendinitis
Pain at night with side-lying on the affected side
Exam findings of supraspinatus weakness, external shoulder rotator weakness, and (+) drop arm test
All of the above
All of the above
Scapula winging is caused by an injury to which one of the following nerves?
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Axillary nerve
Scapula winging is caused by an injury to which one of the following nerves?
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Axillary nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Mallet finger is:
A rupture of the terminal extensor tendon of the distal phalanx
Identified by a loss of active extension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger
Caused by forced extension of the distal phalangeal joint
Occurs more commonly in ice hockey than in basketball or baseball
A rupture of the terminal extensor tendon of the distal phalanx
Boxer’s fractures involve a fracture of which metacarpal bone?
First metacarpal
Second metacarpal
Third metacarpal
Fifth metacarpal
Fifth metacarpal
De Quervain’s is a tenosynovitis involving which two tendons?
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and palmaris longus (PL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL)
musculo3
Finkelstein’s test is the classic provocative test for diagnosis of De Quervain’s disease.
De Quervain’s disease
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
De Quervain’s disease
Put thumb in first, and bend it down - pain along the radial aspec of the wrist.
The LI5 (yangxi) is located in the depression between the tendons of and when the thumb is tilted upward.
APL (abductor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)
EPL (extensor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)
APL (abductor pollicis longus), EPL (extensor pollicis longus)
EPL (extensor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)
musculo3
A patient presents with pain in the left knee that started 3 days ago. The patient states that he was involved in a motor vehicle accident three weeks ago which resulted in multiple open fractures and was treated in the emergency department. On physical examination, you note erythema and tenderness over the tibia. laboratory results reveal WBC of 14,400/ul, ESR 120 mm/hr, and uric acid 4.0 mg/dl and 98.4°F temperature. The most appropriate initial step in this patient’s work-up is:
bone biopsy and culture
CT scan
X-ray
MRI
msk4
The average normal body temperature is generally accepted as .
96.8°F {36°C}
98.6°F {37°C}
100.4°F {38°C}
102.2°F {39°C}
98.6°F {37°C}
____ is characterized by leukocyte counts that are abnormally low (below 4,000 per cubic millimetre).
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukopenia
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?
Distance at which red blood cells settle per hour {mm/hr}
One of the diagnostic test for Temporal Arthritis or Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Specific screening test for inflammation
ESR normal in early stages of uncomplicated viral disease
Rheumatoid factor level
Specific screening test for inflammation
A 31-year-old patient presents with a 2-month history of fatigue and joint pain. On physical examination, you note a rash over her cheeks and bridge of the nose. The most sensitive screening test for the suspected condition is:
anti-ds DNA
anti-Sm Ab
anti-histone Abs
antinuclear antibody test
anti SSB/La
A 31-year-old patient presents with fatigue and joint pain that started 2 months ago. On physical exam, you note a rash over cheeks and bridge of her nose. The most specific test for the suspected condition is:
antinuclear antibody test
anti-ss DNA
anti-histone antibody
anti SSB/La
anti-Smith antibody
anti-Smith antibody
Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SlE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes an attack on the cells, tissues and organs of the body. One of its effects in the development of rashes on the epidermis including butterfly or malar rash. In lupus the rash typically ___ the nasolabial folds.
spares
involves
spares
Medial winging of the scapula is caused by which of the following nerve injuries?
Weakness of serratus anterior due to spinal accessory nerve injury
Trapezius weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury
Serratus anterior weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury
Trapezius weakness due to spinal accessory nerve injury
Serratus anterior weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury
Which provocative test is useful in detecting rotator cuff impingement?
Drop arm test
O’Brien test
Apley scarf test
Neer’s test
Neer’s Test
Drop Arm Test - rotator cuff tear
O’Brien - SLAP lesions or AC joint abnormaly
Apley - detect AC joint pathology
What physical exam maneuver is used to detect biceps tendonitis?
Hawkins’ test
Neer’s test
Speed’s test
Empty can test
Speed’s test
Which part of the Deltoid is responsible for arm abduction?
Anterior Deltoid
Medial Deltoid
Posterior Deltoid
Medial Deltoid
Which of the following muscles initiates shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
Rotator cuff is a common name for the group of four distinct muscles and their tendons that provide strength and stability during motion of the shoulder. The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff at the glenohumeral joint. Which rotator cuff tendon inerts to the lesser tuberosity?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Subscapularis
Which muscle is the most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Which rotator cuff externally rotates the humerus?
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
A and B
B and C
A and B
Sensory information that covers the area of skin over middle finger (dermatome) is subserved by afferent fibers from which dorsal root?
C5
C6
C7
C8
C7
Sensory information that covers the area of skin over the nipple line is subserved by afferent fibers from which dorsal root?
C7
T4
T10
S1
T4
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. What is the T10 dermatome?
Supraclavicular fossa
Nipple line
Umbilicus line
Ischial tuberosity
Umbilicus line
What portion of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
Distal 1/3
Middle 1/3
Proximal 1/3
Distal 1/3 and proximal 1/3 fractures are equally most common
Middle 1/3
The rotator cuff muscles include all of the following except:
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Rhomboids
Infraspinatus
Rhomboids
Mechanisms proposed for superior labrum anterior to posterior (SlAP) lesions include:
Falling on an outstretched arm
Overhead throwing motion
Pulled elbow
Answers A and B
Answers A and B
Thomas’ test is used to assess:
Lumbar lordosis
Hip flexion contracture
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
Iliotibial band contracture
Hip flexion contracture
Which finger is commonly affected in Dupuytren’s contracture?
The index finger
The middle finger
The ring finger
The pinky finger
The ring finger
Which activity will most likely aggravate patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Ambulation
Climbing stairs
Stationary cycling
Swimming
Climbing stairs
What is the most common site for humeral fractures?
Surgical neck
Anatomical neck
Mid-shaft
Humeral head
Surgical neck
