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Board Review > HBKIM - ORTHO - biomed > Flashcards

HBKIM - ORTHO - biomed Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

  • Ball and socket
  • Hinged
  • Pivot
  • Gliding
A

Ball and socket
musculo1

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2
Q

What does FABERE {Patrick’s test) test for?

  • Hip joint dysfunction
  • Gluteus medius weakness
  • Femoral nerve irritation
  • lliotibial band tightness
A

Hip joint dysfunction
musculo1

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3
Q

What is the test to check for contraction of the iliotibial band?

  • Thompson’s test
  • Painful arc test
  • Ober test
  • Yergason’s test
A

musculo1

Thomson’s Test - Archille’s Tendon
Painful Arc Test - Impingement of supraspinatus
Ober Test - tight or inflamed IT band
Yergason’s - Assess for bicipital tendonitis

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4
Q

How do you measure for leg length discrepancy?

  • Anterior superior iliac spine {ASlS) to lateral malleolus
  • Posterior superior iliac spine {PSlS) to lateral malleolus
  • ASlS to medial malleolus
  • PSlS to medial malleolus
A
  • ASlS to medial malleolus
    musculo1
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5
Q

All of the following are true about piriformis syndrome except:

  • The sciatic nerve may be involved because the nerve runs through the piriformis muscle fibers
  • Pain may be in lateral buttock, posterior hip and thigh, sciatica-like pain
  • Pain with flexion, abduction, and external rotation

-Pain may be exacerbated by walking up stairs or prolonged sitting

A
  • Pain with flexion, abduction, and external rotation
    musculo1

Adduction & Internal Rotation

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6
Q

Which of the following is false about hip dislocation?

The most common type is anterior hip dislocation

Sciatic nerve may be stretched or compressed during posterior hip dislocations

Femoral nerve may be injured during anterior hip dislocation

Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of hip dislocations

A

The most common type is anterior hip dislocation
(posterior hip dislocation)
musculo1

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7
Q

What is the most common type of hip fracture?

Subcapital

Transcervical

lntertrochanteric

Subtrochanteric

A

lntertrochanteric
musculo1

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8
Q

Which is NOT an anterior bursa of the knee?

Prepatellar bursa

Pes anserine bursa

Deep infrapatellar bursa

Suprapatellar bursa

A

Pes anserine bursa
musculo1

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9
Q

What is located at the attachment of the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, and the medial collateral ligament?

Baker’s cyst

Pes anserine bursa

Posterior bursa

Deep infrapatellar bursa

A
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10
Q

Pes anserine means:

Goose foot

Chicken foot

Frog foot

A

Goose foot
musculo1

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11
Q

Housemaid’s knee is a condition that’s also known as:

Suprapatellar bursitis

lnfrapatellar bursitis

Prepatellar bursitis

Pes anserine bursitis

A

Prepatellar bursitis
musculo1

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12
Q

A type of fluid collection behind the knee also known as:

Baker’s cyst

housemaid knee

Pes anserine bursitis

A

Baker’s cyst
musculo1

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13
Q

What forms the medial malleolus?

Talus and calcaneus

Distal tibia

Distal fibula

Cuneiform bones

A

Distal tibia
musculo1

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14
Q

What forms the lateral malleolus?

Distal tibia

Distal fibula

Talus

Navicular

A

Distal fibula
musculo1

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15
Q

What is the location of the lnfluential point of marrow? (TWO ANSWERS)

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the tibia

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the tibia

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the fibula

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the fibula

A

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the anterior to the border of the fibula

3 cun above the tip of the external malleolus, in the posterior to the border of the fibula

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16
Q

Which ligament is the weakest of the ankle ligaments?

Deltoid ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
musculo1

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17
Q

Yuan-source point of Foot Shaoyang channel is located near which of the following ligament?

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

Deltoid ligament

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
musculo1

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18
Q

Which ligament stabilizes the medial ankle?

Posterior talofibular ligament

Deltoid ligament

Anterior talofibular ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

A

Deltoid ligament
musculo1

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19
Q

Which of the following grade of sprain needs immobilization?

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

A

Grade 3

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20
Q

What’s the difference between a Strain and a Sprain?

A

Strain - Injury to muscle or tendon
Sprain - injury to ligament

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21
Q

Which one of the following terms is used most correctly?

Bone sprain

Ligament strain

Tendon sprain

Muscle strain

A

Muscle strain

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22
Q

The patellar tendon reflex assesses which nerve root?

L1

L4

L5

S1

A

L4

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23
Q

The Achilles reflex assesses which nerve root?

L4

LS

S1

S3

A

S1

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24
Q

C5 and C6 nerve root can be assessed by which of the following reflex test?

Biceps reflex

Brachioradialis reflex

Triceps reflex

Patella reflex

A

Biceps reflex

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25
Q

The triceps deep tendon reflex is a reflex as it elicits involuntary contraction of the triceps brachii muscle. lt is initiated by the Cervical spinal nerve ____ nerve root.

A) 5

B) 6

C) 7

D) 8

A

C) 7

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26
Q

What is each connected to?
Tendon
Ligament

A

Tendon - Connects muscle to bone
Ligament - connects bone to bone

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27
Q

The C8 nerve emerges the C7 vertebra

Above

Below

A

below
musculo1

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28
Q

What is the normal range of motion for hip flexion in adults?

0-180 degrees

45-90 degrees

0-30 degrees

0-120 degrees

A

0-120
musculo2

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29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a joint of the pelvic girdle?

Femoroacetabular (hip) joint

The pubic symphysis

Bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joints

Lumbosacral joint

A

Lumbosacral joint
musculo2

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30
Q

What are the signs of a positive Trendelenburg test?

When the pelvis on the unsupported side stays the same height

When the pelvis on the unsupported side is elevated slightly

When the pelvis on the unsupported side descends

When the pelvis on the supported side stays level

A

When the pelvis on the unsupported side descends
musculo2

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31
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Sepsis

Crystalline deposits

Interruption of the vascular supply

Friction

A

Interruption of the vascular supply
musculo2

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32
Q

What is not true about hip fractures?

Females are more likely than males to sustain a hip fracture

Most common underlying cause is weakened bone from metastatic disease

Approximately 25% of patients over age 50 with hip fractures die within 1 year

About 50% of hip fracture patients require some form of assistive device

A

Most common underlying cause is weakened bone from metastatic disease

musculo2

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33
Q

Normal range of motion for the knee is:

0-90 degrees

0-135 degrees

10-30 degrees

0-180 degrees

A

0-135 degrees

musculo2

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34
Q

A hamstring is one of the three posterior thigh muscles in between the hip and the knee. The hamstrings are quite susceptible to injury. Which of the following muscles does NOT compose the hamstring?

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

Rectus femoris

A

Rectus femoris
musculo2

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35
Q

The hamstrings play a crucial role in many daily activities such as walking, running, jumping, and controlling some movement in the trunk. In walking, they are most important as an antagonist to the quadriceps in the deceleration of knee extension. What is the function of hamstring muscle group?

Extend the hip, Extend the knee

Flex the hip, Flex the knee

Extend the hip, Flex the knee

Flex the hip, Extend the knee

A

Extend the hip, Flex the knee
musculo2

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36
Q

Which of the following points is located on the medial side of the popliteal fossa, between the tendons of Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus?

He-Sea point of Foot Taiyang

He-Sea point of Foot Shaoyin

He-Sea point of Foot Jueyin

He-Sea point of Foot Taiyin

A

He-Sea point of Foot Shaoyin
musculo2

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37
Q

Quadriceps femoris Muscle, large fleshy muscle group covering the front and sides of the thigh. Which of the following is NOT part of the Quadriceps femories?

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

Rectus femoris

Biceps femoris

A

Biceps femoris
musculo2

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38
Q

Which muscle is a knee flexor?

Rectus femoris

Biceps femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

A

Biceps femoris
musculo2

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39
Q

Which muscle is a knee extensor?

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Vastus intermedius

Biceps femoris

A

Vastus intermedius
musculo2

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40
Q

Which muslce is a hip flexor?

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

Rectus femoris

A

Rectus femoris
musculo2

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41
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle is supplied by which nerve?

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

Common peroneal nerve

Tibial nerve

A

Tibial nerve
musculo2

42
Q

Which of the following points is located directly below the belly of m. gastocnemius, on the line joing BL40 and the tendo calcaneous, about 8 cun below BL40?

UB55

UB56

UB57

UB58

A

UB57
musculo2

43
Q

The “Unhappy triad”, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an injury to the:

Medial meniscus + Lateral menisus + ACL

ACL + MCL + Medial meniscus

ACL + PCL + Lateral meniscus

ACL + MCL + PCL

A

ACL + MCL + Medial meniscus
musculo2

44
Q

Which ligament of the spine resists extension?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum and facet joint capsule

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
musculo2

45
Q

Which test helps determine if a patient has an anterior cruciate ligament injury?

McMurray’s test

Apley grind test

Lachman test

Bakody’s test

A

Lachman test
musculo2

46
Q

What is the medical term for “knock-kneed”?

Genu varum

Genu valgum

Genu recurvatum

Genu anterium

A

Genu valgum
musculo2

47
Q

Which meniscus is more circular?

Medial meniscus

Anterior meniscus

Lateral meniscus

Posterior meniscus

A

Lateral meniscus
musculo2

48
Q

Which of the following test(s) are used to determine the presence of a meniscal tear within the knee?

McMurray test

Apley compression test

Lachman test

A and B

A

A and B
musculo2

49
Q

What the normal range of motion for plantar flexion of the ankle?

5 degrees

20 degrees

50 degrees

90 degrees

B and C

A

50 degrees

50
Q

An Achilles tendon injury is most likely to occur with what action?

Sudden pivoting

Internal rotation of the ankle

Abruptly starting a sprint

Walking uphill

A

Abruptly starting a sprint
musculo2

51
Q

Where is the most common location of an Achilles tendon rupture?

At the attachment to the calcaneus

At the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius

2-5 cm proximal to tendon insertion at calcaneus

Near the soleus

A

2-5 cm proximal to tendon insertion at calcaneus
musculo2

52
Q

Which is not a characteristic of plantar fasciitis?

Affects females more than males

Tenderness over lateral aspect of the heel

Pain is worse in the morning

Heel spurs may contribute to the etiology

A

Tenderness over lateral aspect of the heel
musculo2

53
Q

Most common site of a Morton’s neuroma is:
The first intermetatarsal space
The second intermetatarsal space
The third intermetatarsal space
The fourth intermetatarsal space

A

The third intermetatarsal space
musculo3

54
Q

Structures passing through the carpal tunnel into the hand include:

Five finger flexor tendons
The ulnar nerve
The median nerve
The radial nerve

A

The median nerve
musculo3

55
Q

Test(s) to evaluate for shoulder impingement syndrome include:
Hawkins-Kennedy sign
Speed test
Neer sign
Answers A and C

A

Answers A and C
musculo3

56
Q

Shoulder impingement may result from:
Extrinsic compression (bone spurring or tendon edema)
Loss of competency of the rotator cuff
Loss of competency of scapula stabilizing muscles
All of the above

A

All of the above
musculo3

57
Q

O’Brien’s test evaluates for:
Labral abnormalities
Bicipital tendinitis
Stability of the glenohumeral joint
Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Labral abnormalities

58
Q

Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder:
Results from thickening and contraction of the capsule around the glenohumeral joint
Is more commonly seen in middle-aged women
Has risk factors including diabetes
All of the above

A

All of the above

59
Q

What is the most common cause of adhesive capsulitis?

Diabetes
Female gender
Hypothyroidism
Idiopathic

A

Idiopathic
musculo3

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT the articulations of the elbow joint?
Ulnohumeral
Radiocapitellar
Proximal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar

A

Distal radioulnar
musculo3

61
Q

Tennis elbow typically:

Is an acute lesion, lasting less than a few weeks

Presents with pain and tenderness over the medial epicondyle

Does not affect grip strength

Can occur as a result of a tennis backhand stroke

A

Can occur as a result of a tennis backhand stroke
musculo3
Cozen’s Test

62
Q

Golfer’s Elbow

Medial epicondylitis

Tennis Elbow

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Medial epicondylitis
musculo3

63
Q

What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?

Anterior

Posterior

Inferior

A

Anterior

64
Q

What is the most common type of hip dislocation?

Anterior

Posterior

A

Posterior

65
Q

Which of the following is relevant to the complications of shoulder dislocation?

Bankart lesion

Hill-Sachs lesion

Rotator cuff tear

Injury to the axillary nerve

All of the above

A

All of the above

Bankart lesion - injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum

Hill-Sachs lesion - Posterolateral humeral head compression fracture

66
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion of the shoulder:

May be associated with posterior dislocations

May cause shoulder instability if it accounts for 10% of the articular surface

Is a compression fracture of the posterolateral aspect of humeral head caused by abutment against the anterior rim of the glenoid fossa

Is evaluated by Speed’s test

A

Is a compression fracture of the posterolateral aspect of humeral head caused by abutment against the anterior rim of the glenoid fossa
musculo3

67
Q

Which of the following test is used to test the integrity of the glenohumeral joint capsule, or to assess glenohumeral instability in an anterior direction?

Apprehension test
Thomas’s test
Ober’s test
Thompson’s test

A

Apprehension test

68
Q

Rotator cuff tears are characterized by:

Symptoms similar to rotator cuff tendinitis

Pain at night with side-lying on the affected side

Exam findings of supraspinatus weakness, external shoulder rotator weakness, and (+) drop arm test

All of the above

A

All of the above

69
Q

Scapula winging is caused by an injury to which one of the following nerves?

Radial nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Long thoracic nerve
Axillary nerve

A
70
Q

Scapula winging is caused by an injury to which one of the following nerves?

Radial nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Long thoracic nerve
Axillary nerve

A

Long thoracic nerve

71
Q

Mallet finger is:

A rupture of the terminal extensor tendon of the distal phalanx

Identified by a loss of active extension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger

Caused by forced extension of the distal phalangeal joint

Occurs more commonly in ice hockey than in basketball or baseball

A

A rupture of the terminal extensor tendon of the distal phalanx

72
Q

Boxer’s fractures involve a fracture of which metacarpal bone?

First metacarpal
Second metacarpal
Third metacarpal
Fifth metacarpal

A

Fifth metacarpal

73
Q

De Quervain’s is a tenosynovitis involving which two tendons?

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and palmaris longus (PL)

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL)

A

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL)

musculo3

74
Q

Finkelstein’s test is the classic provocative test for diagnosis of De Quervain’s disease.

De Quervain’s disease
Carpal Tunnel syndrome

A

De Quervain’s disease

Put thumb in first, and bend it down - pain along the radial aspec of the wrist.

75
Q

The LI5 (yangxi) is located in the depression between the tendons of and when the thumb is tilted upward.

APL (abductor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)

EPL (extensor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)

APL (abductor pollicis longus), EPL (extensor pollicis longus)

A

EPL (extensor pollicis longus), EPB (extensor pollicis brevis)

musculo3

76
Q

A patient presents with pain in the left knee that started 3 days ago. The patient states that he was involved in a motor vehicle accident three weeks ago which resulted in multiple open fractures and was treated in the emergency department. On physical examination, you note erythema and tenderness over the tibia. laboratory results reveal WBC of 14,400/ul, ESR 120 mm/hr, and uric acid 4.0 mg/dl and 98.4°F temperature. The most appropriate initial step in this patient’s work-up is:

bone biopsy and culture

CT scan

X-ray

MRI

A

msk4

77
Q

The average normal body temperature is generally accepted as .

96.8°F {36°C}

98.6°F {37°C}

100.4°F {38°C}

102.2°F {39°C}

A

98.6°F {37°C}

78
Q

____ is characterized by leukocyte counts that are abnormally low (below 4,000 per cubic millimetre).

Leukocytosis

Leukopenia

A

Leukopenia

79
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

Distance at which red blood cells settle per hour {mm/hr}

One of the diagnostic test for Temporal Arthritis or Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Specific screening test for inflammation

ESR normal in early stages of uncomplicated viral disease

Rheumatoid factor level

A

Specific screening test for inflammation

80
Q

A 31-year-old patient presents with a 2-month history of fatigue and joint pain. On physical examination, you note a rash over her cheeks and bridge of the nose. The most sensitive screening test for the suspected condition is:

anti-ds DNA

anti-Sm Ab

anti-histone Abs

antinuclear antibody test

anti SSB/La

A
81
Q

A 31-year-old patient presents with fatigue and joint pain that started 2 months ago. On physical exam, you note a rash over cheeks and bridge of her nose. The most specific test for the suspected condition is:

antinuclear antibody test

anti-ss DNA

anti-histone antibody

anti SSB/La

anti-Smith antibody

A

anti-Smith antibody

82
Q

Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SlE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes an attack on the cells, tissues and organs of the body. One of its effects in the development of rashes on the epidermis including butterfly or malar rash. In lupus the rash typically ___ the nasolabial folds.

spares

involves

A

spares

83
Q

Medial winging of the scapula is caused by which of the following nerve injuries?

Weakness of serratus anterior due to spinal accessory nerve injury

Trapezius weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury

Serratus anterior weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury

Trapezius weakness due to spinal accessory nerve injury

A

Serratus anterior weakness due to long thoracic nerve injury

84
Q

Which provocative test is useful in detecting rotator cuff impingement?

Drop arm test

O’Brien test

Apley scarf test

Neer’s test

A

Neer’s Test

Drop Arm Test - rotator cuff tear
O’Brien - SLAP lesions or AC joint abnormaly
Apley - detect AC joint pathology

85
Q

What physical exam maneuver is used to detect biceps tendonitis?

Hawkins’ test

Neer’s test

Speed’s test

Empty can test

A

Speed’s test

86
Q

Which part of the Deltoid is responsible for arm abduction?

Anterior Deltoid

Medial Deltoid

Posterior Deltoid

A

Medial Deltoid

87
Q

Which of the following muscles initiates shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Serratus anterior

Trapezius

A

Supraspinatus

88
Q

Rotator cuff is a common name for the group of four distinct muscles and their tendons that provide strength and stability during motion of the shoulder. The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff at the glenohumeral joint. Which rotator cuff tendon inerts to the lesser tuberosity?
Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

A

Subscapularis

89
Q

Which muscle is the most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear?
Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

A

Supraspinatus

90
Q

Which rotator cuff externally rotates the humerus?

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

A and B

B and C

A

A and B

91
Q

Sensory information that covers the area of skin over middle finger (dermatome) is subserved by afferent fibers from which dorsal root?
C5

C6

C7

C8

A

C7

92
Q

Sensory information that covers the area of skin over the nipple line is subserved by afferent fibers from which dorsal root?
C7

T4

T10

S1

A

T4

93
Q

A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. What is the T10 dermatome?

Supraclavicular fossa

Nipple line

Umbilicus line

Ischial tuberosity

A

Umbilicus line

94
Q

What portion of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
Distal 1/3

Middle 1/3

Proximal 1/3

Distal 1/3 and proximal 1/3 fractures are equally most common

A

Middle 1/3

95
Q

The rotator cuff muscles include all of the following except:
Teres minor

Supraspinatus

Rhomboids

Infraspinatus

A

Rhomboids

96
Q

Mechanisms proposed for superior labrum anterior to posterior (SlAP) lesions include:

Falling on an outstretched arm

Overhead throwing motion

Pulled elbow

Answers A and B

A

Answers A and B

97
Q

Thomas’ test is used to assess:
Lumbar lordosis

Hip flexion contracture

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction

Iliotibial band contracture

A

Hip flexion contracture

98
Q

Which finger is commonly affected in Dupuytren’s contracture?
The index finger

The middle finger

The ring finger

The pinky finger

A

The ring finger

99
Q

Which activity will most likely aggravate patellofemoral pain syndrome?

Ambulation

Climbing stairs

Stationary cycling

Swimming

A

Climbing stairs

100
Q

What is the most common site for humeral fractures?
Surgical neck

Anatomical neck

Mid-shaft

Humeral head

A

Surgical neck

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