Pharmaceutical Care of STDs Flashcards
What is the risk of untreated STI?
Complication in pregnancy
Neonatal + infant infections
Cardiovascular damage
Neurological damage
Increased resistance to antimicrobials
What does STDs increase the risk of + why?
Getting HIV
= sores + lesions = easier for HIV to enter body
= STDs increase viral load = increase HIV transmission
What is the aetiology of chlamydia?
C. trachomatis attaches to mucosal surface to induce a strong inflammatory response
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Most asymptomatic
Cause bleeding after sex/between periods
Discharge
What are the complications of chlamydia?
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in females
Epididymitis in males
What is the test for chlamydia?
1st-catch urine sample
Or vaginal/urethral swab
What is 1st line treatment for chlamydia?
Doxycycline 100mg 2x a day for 7 days
What is 2nd line treatment for chlamydia?
Azithromycin 1g orally for 1 day, then 50mg 1x daily for 2 days
What is the aetiology of gonorrhoea?
N. gonorrhoeae to mucosal surface + resists phagocytosis
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Less asymptomatic than chlamydia
Bleeding after sex/between periods
Discharge
Pain on urination
What are the complications of gonorrhoea?
PID in females
Epididymitis in males
Passed from mother to baby during childbirth
What is the test for gonorrhoea?
1st-catch urine sample
OR vaginal/urethral swab
What is 1st line treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone 1g IM as single dose
What is 2nd line treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ciprofloxacin 500mg as single dose
What is the aetiology of syphilis?
Helical structure of T. pallidum allows it to move through mucosal surface or enter breaks in the skin
What are the symptoms of syphilis?
Initial contact = primary chancre (small sore)
Primary syphilis = swollen glands in neck, groin + armpits
Secondary syphilis = small skin growths red rash, flu-like symptoms
Latent syphilis = infection dormant
Tertiary syphilis = meningitis, stroke, dementia symptoms, numbness
What is the test for syphilis?
Blood sample
OR virology swab from active lesion
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Initiated at GUM clinic as unlicensed in UK
What is the aetiology of genital warts?
Replicated within basal cells of epithelium
What are the symptoms of genital warts?
Swelling + warts in genital area
May appear over year after infection
Bleeding after sex/between periods
Discharge
Pain when urinating
What is the test for genital warts?
Visual diagnosis
What is the treatment of genital warts?
NO cure for HPV
Warts tend to disappear within 6 months
What is the aetiology of genital herpes?
Direct skin to skin contact, exposure to infected saliva, semen, vaginal fluid or fluid from herpetic blisters
What are the symptoms of genital herpes?
Headache, fever, dysuria or tender lymph nodes in groin
Painful ulcers
Discharge
Pain in urination
What is the test for genital herpes?
Visual diagnosis
Swab of lesion
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
What is the 1st line treatment for genital herpes?
Aciclovir 400mg 3x a day for 5-10 days
OR 200mg 5x a day for 5-10 days
What is the 2nd line treatment for genital herpes?
Valaciclovir 500mg orally 2x a day for 5-10 days
OR Famciclovir 250mg 3x a day for 5-10 days
