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S3 Case 3 - Sexual Health > Male Sex Hormones > Flashcards

Male Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What does males have that females don’t?

A

SRY gene

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2
Q

What does the SRY gene do?

A

Directs the medulla of the bipotential gonad to develop into testes

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3
Q

What does the Anti-Mullerian hormone from the testes do?

A

Cause Mullerian duct to disappear

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4
Q

What does testosterone from the testes do?

A

Convert Wolffian duct into seminal vesicle, vas deferens + epididymis

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5
Q

What does DHT do?

A

Controls prostate + external genitalia development

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6
Q

What is testosterone?

A

Potent androgen

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7
Q

Where is testosterone synthesised?

A

Leydig cells
Some from adrenal cortex

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8
Q

What is testosterone for?

A

Development + maintenance of make secondary sexual characteristics

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9
Q

What is testosterone converted into?

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Estradiol

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10
Q

What converts testosterone to DHT?

A

5-alpha reductase

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11
Q

What are the actions of testosterone?

A

Stimulates enlargement of testes + male accessory organs
Stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics

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12
Q

What secondary characteristics does testosterone develop?

A

Increased growth of body hair
Enlargement of larynx + thickening of vocal cords
Thickening of skin
Muscle growth, widening of shoulders + narrowing of waist
Thickening + strengthening of bones

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13
Q

How does DHT work?

A

Binds to cytoplasmic androgen receptors
= releases heat shock protein
Steroid receptor complex migrates to nucleus
Binds to DNA that contains androgen response elements
Drives expression of genes that determine male phenotype

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14
Q

What are the hormones secreted by?

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland
Testes

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15
Q

What are the functions of the hormones?

A

Development of sperm cells
Development of secondary sex characteristics

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16
Q

How does the hormone control of reproduction work?
PART 1

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone is produced by hypothalamus
Drives the release of 2 hormones from anterior pituitary = FSH + LH
LH activates Leydig cells
= testosterone secreted
FSH acts on Sertoli cells
= secrete androgen binding protein
Binds to testosterone
= accumulation in seminiferous tubules

17
Q

What does FSH also do?
PART 2

A

Stimulates production of inhibin
Testosterone + inhibin supress secretion of FSH + LH
Testosterone supresses GnRH production
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

18
Q

What is primary testicular failure?

A

Infertility + associated hypogonadism + lack of secondary sexual characteristics

19
Q

What can be used to treat primary testicular treatment?

A

Testosterone to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics
BUT patient remains infertile

20
Q

What is primary hypogonadism?

A

Issues with testes themselves

21
Q

What is secondary hypogonadism?

A

Issues with pituitary/hypothalamus

S3 Case 3 - Sexual Health (11 decks)

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