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S3 Case 3 - Sexual Health > Female Sex Hormones > Flashcards

Female Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in females in the absence of SRY protein?

A

Gonadal cortex becomes ovary

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2
Q

What happens to females in the absence of testosterone?

A

Wolffian duct to degenerate

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3
Q

What happens to females in the absence of anti-Mullerian hormone?

A

Mullerian duct becomes the fallopian tube, uterus + upper part of the vagina

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4
Q

How long is the cycle?

A

28 days

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5
Q

What are the 2 phases of the cycle?

A

Follicular cycle
Luteal cycle

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6
Q

Describe the hormonal control of the early to mid follicular phase
1

A

Low levels of oestrogen exert negative feedback to GnRH, FSH + LH
Oestrogen promotes more oestrogen secretion by the follicle
AMH prevents more follicles from developing

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7
Q

Describe the hormonal control the late follicular phase + ovulation
2

A

Rising levels of oestrogen + progesterone
= LH surge
FSH suppressed by inhibin

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8
Q

Describe the hormonal control of early to mid-luteal phase
3

A

Combined oestrogen + progesterone shut off FSH + LH

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9
Q

Describe the hormonal control of the late luteal phase
4

A

Oestrogen + progesterone fall when corpus luteum dies
Gonadotropins start follicular development of new cycle

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10
Q

What is high during ovulation?

A

LH
FSH
Oestrogen

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11
Q

What are the ovarian steroid hormones?

A

Oestrogens
Progestogens
Androgens

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12
Q

How does oestrogen work?

A

Mediated by oestrogen receptor
Oestrogen receptor complex binds to specific hormone response element
Activates the transcription of target genes

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13
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

Development + regulation of female reproductive system + secondary sex characteristics
Maturation of germ cells
Provision of hormonal timing
Development of tissue for implantation
Establishment of milieu
Provision of hormonal influences
Anabolic effects on bone + cartilage

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14
Q

What is fertilisation driven by?

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What happens during fertilisation?

A

Sperm
Fertilisation
Blastocyte attaches itself to uterine wall
Blastocyst is implanted in endometrium

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16
Q

What happens after fertilisation?

A

Placenta secretes hCG

17
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Prevents corpus luteum from developing = progesterone + oestrogen secretion continued
Maintains integrity of uterine wall

18
Q

How does placental hormones maintain pregnancy?

A

hCG supports corpus luteum
Corpus luteum + placenta produce progesterone
Oestrogen synthesised by feto-placental function
Placental lactogen provides fuel for the baby

19
Q

How does placental lactogen work?

A

Placental growth hormone
Breaks down fats from mother for baby

20
Q

What secretes milk?

A

Alveoli cells
They are clustered in lobules

21
Q

What is E2 for in mammary gland development?

A

Ductal growth

22
Q

What is progesterone for in mammary gland development?

A

Alveolar proliferation

23
Q

What helps lactation?

A

Prolactin + oxytocin

24
Q

What is the production of oxytocin stimulated by?

A

Oestrogens
Inhibited by progesterone

25
Q

What is seen in menopause?

A

Irregular periods
Ovaries fail to respond to FSH
Number of follicles decrease
Increase in FSH + LH to combat low oestrogen

26
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A

Hot flushes
Night sweats
Decrease libido
Irregular periods
Mood swings
Vaginal dryness

27
Q

How does COC work?

A

Inhibits follicular development + prevents ovulation

28
Q

How does POP work?

A

Prevent implantation
Decrease amount + viscosity of mucus

29
Q

What is the mechanism for oral contraceptives?

A

Oestrogen + progesterone prevent eges from being released from ovaries
Progesterone causes thinning of endometrium = prevents implantation
Progesterone thickens mucus = prevents sperm reaching egg

30
Q

What do infertility drugs do?

A

Stimulate secretion of FSH + LH
= stimulates maturation of follicles, ovulation + development of corpus luteum

31
Q

What are the labour-related drugs?

A

Oxytocin
Selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonists

32
Q

What does oxytocin do?
Labour

A

Enhances contractile activity

33
Q

What does selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonists do?

A

Prevent smooth muscle contractions

34
Q

When are selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonists used?

A

Preterm labour if gestation is >20 weeks

S3 Case 3 - Sexual Health (11 decks)

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