Pharma Week 4 Flashcards
Mention 2 the major and minor mechanism for termination of Adrenergic action
The major mechanism of termination is
1_ neuronal re-uptake : termination of NEP action is mainly due to removal from the synabse back into the sympathetic nerve ending via NEP reuptake transporter system
2- vesicular uptake : for NEP that escape MAO degradation in mobile pool
The minor pathway
1- MAO in Brian and GIT
2- COMT in liver and brain and synapses
4 side effects of Adrenaline on CVS
1- tachycardia, palpitations
2- hypertension, worsen heart failure
3- Angina pectoris , Cardiac ischemia
4- Cerebral haemorrhage
One LABA and 2 SABA
1- salmeterol ( servent ) long acting in nocturnal asthma
1- Albuterol ( Salbutamol)
2- Terbutaline ( Bricanyl)
4 SE of B2 agonist
1- Tremor
2- Tolerance
3- Tachycardia
4- Bronchial hyperactivity
2 alpha 1 selective agonist and 4 usesc
Phenylephrine , Methoxamine
1- hypotension caused by spinal anesthesia
2- Nasal decongestant
3- Eye decongestant
4- Mydriasis in eye
2 Alpha 2 agonist and 4 side effect
Alpha methyl dopa :treat preeclampsia
Clonidine : treat nacrotic and alcohol withdrawal
1- dry mouth xerostomia
2- sedation
3- sexual dysfunction
4- hypertensive crisis if suddenly withdrawal
Indirect Acting symphathomimetics
Releasers
1- tyramine (red wine ,cheese )
2- amphetamine ( phsycostimulant -> due to DA , NE , 5HT release )
3- pseudoephedrine , ephedrine
Reuptake inhibitors
Cocacine , TCA , amphetamine
4 SE of amphetamine , ephedrine, cocaine
1- CNS : insomnia , anxiety,…
2- CVS : hypertension,…
3- Tolerance, dependence, addiction
4- Tachyphylaxis : after first dose due to depletion of biogenic amine
2 non selective alpha blocker, 1 use , 4 SE
1- phentolamine ( reversible)
2- phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
1- pheochromocytoma
1- postural hypotension
2- Nasal congestion
3- Marked tachycardia
4- decrease libido
4 alpha 1 blocker and 3 therapeutic uses , 5 SE
Prazosin , terazosin , doxazosin : in HTN
Tamsulosin , alfuzosin : in BPH
Doxazosin : longest acting
1- hypertension
2- CHF ( decrease pre load , after load )
3- BPH : tamsulosin act on a1 A receptor
1- First does phenomenal : cause dizziness , vertigo and syncope to marked postural hypotension : about 30 minutes to 90 minutes after initial dose so prevented by using low doses at bedtime
2- reflex tachycardia
3- Nasal congestion
4- water retention so prevented by diuretics
5- decrease libido
Two selective alpha two receptor blocker
1- yohimbine
2- mirtazapine
Who doesn’t cause sedation in Beta blockers and 2 dosenot blood lipids
1- Atenolol
1- pindolol
2- Acebtulol
Why B blocker shouldn’t be given to diabetic patients
Masking hypoglycemic signs as hypoglycemia , tachycardia, anxiety and tremors which worn patient
7 SE of beta blockers
1- Bronchi constriction , CI in asthmatic
2- Rebound due to receptor up regulation
3- Bradycardia and heat block
4- sexual impairment
5- disturbance in metabolism : cause hypoglycemia and CI in diabetic patients as Masking hypoglycemic signs as tachycardia , anxiety, tremors which worn patient
6- Worsen acute heart failure by negative iontropic
7- CNS : sedation, sleep disturbances, depression fatigue ( lipid soluble as propranolol)
What to do in BBs overdose
Glucagon act on glucagon receptors and cause positive ionotropic and chronotropic due to Ga protein linked to adenyl cyclase
